Analysis of Boundary Layer Flow Second-Grade Hybrid Nanofluid Subject to Lorentz Force
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Date
2024-11
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Kenyatta University
Abstract
Fluids are non-solids that usually change shape under the action of shear stress. Over the past two decades, fluid thermophysical properties have been refined by the use of nanoparticles in the field of nanotechnology. The addition of nanoparticles has been a sure way of steadily improving fluid behaviour. Hybrid nanofluids have been of major interest to researchers. This is because more advancement in fluid behaviour has been achieved by the use of two dissimilar nanoparticles in a base fluid compared to the use of just one nanoparticle. Since major progress has been achieved, a variety of issues have also arisen like what would happen to the fluid properties when the stress tensor to strain tensor relationship is up to derivatives of order two. Multiple studies have been done on first-grade hybrid nanofluid flow (a subclass of Newtonian fluids) with little emphasis on second-grade hybrid nanofluids (a subclass of non-Newtonian fluids) research. So far, no researcher has considered the influence of Lorentz force on a second-grade hybrid nanofluid flow. To bridge this gap, this study analyses the boundary layer flow of second-grade hybrid nanofluid subject to Lorentz force. The nanoparticles used are TiO_2 and MoS_2 due to their great lubricating and efficient heat transfer properties. This study’s outcome will provide theoretical information to industries dealing with electronic and automotive cooling systems on how to improve their heat transfer efficiency. This will be done by indicating how to adjust the parameters of interest for maximum yield at the end of this study. The flow is on a surface of uniform thickness. The surface is linearly stretching horizontally and the fluid flow is experiencing perpendicular magnetic influence. The governing non-linear equations are formulated and rendered dimensionless via similarity variables. The resulting boundary condition equations are transformed to initial condition equations by use of shooting technique in MATLAB bvp4c. The IVP is then numerically solved by Runge Kutta (4) method in MATLAB bvp4c. The parameters of interest in the study are the second-grade fluid and magnetic strength parameters. These parameters are simulated and the results are presented graphically. Fluid’s velocity profile rises with increasing volume fraction and fluctuates with increasing fluid parameters and magnetic strength. The temperature profile grows with the Prandtl number and magnetic field and decreases with the increase in volume fraction and the second-grade fluid parameter.
Description
A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science (Applied Mathematics) in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences of Kenyatta University, November 2024.
Supervisor
Maurine Wafula