Detection and Stability Assessment of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Maize Seeds in Kenya

dc.contributor.advisorMaina Mwangien_US
dc.contributor.advisorShem Nchoreen_US
dc.contributor.authorShango, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-05T06:09:04Z
dc.date.available2024-06-05T06:09:04Z
dc.date.issued2023-10
dc.descriptionA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Masters of Science in Crop Protection (Plant Pathology Option) in the School of Agriculture And Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, October, 2023en_US
dc.description.abstractViral diseases, particularly Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) co-infecting with potyviruses causes Maize lethal necrotic disease (MLND), which is a major hurdle in maize production and a threat to food security in Africa. Maize lethal necrotic disease, spread by thrips, threatens Sub-Saharan Africa's maize yield and trade. In Kenya, where maize is crucial, controlling MLND has gained importance. Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services (KEPHIS) tests seeds to prevent virus-causing MLND, safeguarding the market and reducing losses for farmers and seed companies due to MCMV contamination. This research aimed at finding ways through which diseased seed lots could be saved by either inactivating the MCMV thermally or quarantining the seed for a particular duration during which MCMV could inactivate. Forty samples each comprising 400 seeds of infected seed lots were used during the experiments and subjected to different treatments. Thesc included different temperatures, storage time, and assessment of germination capacities after the exposure to different temperatures and times of storage. Extraction of Ribose nucleic acid (RNA) from 400 maize seedlings which were planted per each sample was carried out using the Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method and the three testing methods Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and Quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were feasibly analyzed for their sensitivity as well as achieving other objectives. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done by use of SAS. Results showed that MCMV Joad in maize seeds significantly reduced with storage (p=0.001). An increase in temperature to 40°C led to a significant decrease in MCMYV load but with a corresponding reduction in the viability of the seeds. The results from Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) showed the best sensitivity in MCMYV detection up to dilution factor of 10°%, followed by real-time PCR which was sensitive up to dilution factor 10* and, lastly, the ELISA which was sensitive up to 10% In conclusion, the study demonstrates that MCMYV infected maize seeds can be stored for up to three years without a significant loss in seed viability. However, it is imperativeto avoid high temperatures, such as 40°C, during storage, as they can negatively impact seed quality. This information is crucial for policy makers in developing effective disease management strategies. Seed merchants can use this knowledge to ensure seed quality and avoid cconomic losses, while farmers can benefit from understanding the appropriate storage conditions for MCMYV infected seeds to manage the virus effectively while preserving seed viability. Additionally, the routine use of Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR techniques for MCMV detection is recommended.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKenyatta Univesityen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/28240
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherKenyatta Universityen_US
dc.subjectDetection and Stability Assessmenten_US
dc.subjectMaize Chlorotic Mottle Virusen_US
dc.subjectMaize Seedsen_US
dc.subjectKenyaen_US
dc.titleDetection and Stability Assessment of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Maize Seeds in Kenyaen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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