Cyber Dating Abuse and Undergraduate Students’ Academic Engagement in Selected Universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
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Date
2021
Authors
Mayoyo, Nancy
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of Cyber Dating Abuse
(CDA) on the academic engagement of undergraduate students. The objectives of
the study were: to establish the students’ perception of CDA; identify the kinds of
technology used in perpetrating different forms of CDA; assess gender differences
in CDA perpetration and victimization; examine the extent to which CDA affects
academic engagement of Kenyan University students and propose strategies to
mitigate on effects of CDA on academic engagement. The study adopted two
theories: Routine Activities Theory which states that the daily activities which
individuals engage in make them susceptible to CDA and Johnson’s Typology of
Intimate Partner Violence which outlines different kinds of Intimate Partner
Violence. The study utilised a cross sectional descriptive survey research design.
The respondents comprised a convenience sample of 384 students from three
randomly selected Universities, namely: Multimedia University of Kenya, Kenyatta
University and Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Nairobi City County; three
Deans of Students and two Student Counsellors purposively selected. Quantitative
and qualitative data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions
and interviews. Piloting of the study was done in University of Nairobi to validate
the content and face validity of instruments while the internal consistency method
was used to ascertain their reliability. Data was analysed both quantitatively and
qualitatively and presented in Tables, Charts and Graphs. Results indicate that
majority of the respondents had misguided perceptions and normalized most of the
CDA behaviours. The respondents’ routine activities involved constant exchange of
calls, SMS, online chats providing avenues for CDA victimization. WhatsApp was
the most used digital media to perpetrate CDA. Results revealed that the four types
of violence outlined by Johnson (2005) were evident with Coercive Control
Violence being the most pervasive. Although no differences were found in the
prevalence rates in CDA perpetration and victimization for males and females,
significant gender differences were noted for specific CDA behaviours. On
perpetration, males were more likely to perpetrate sexual coercion than females
while for victimization, males were more likely than females to report frequent
victimization in direct aggression and sexual coercion. Gender was statistically and
significantly associated with response to four acts of CDA behaviours of: partners
spreading rumours; threats of physical harm; pressurizing partners to have sex or
engage in sexual activities online and pressurizing them to exchange sexual photos
and videos. On the contrary, both males and females reported frequently suffering
from depression, anxiety and fear. Results indicated that a significant negative
correlation (r (313) = -.193, p =< .001) existed between victimization and
behavioural academic engagement but no significant correlation existed between
victimization and emotional academic engagement. Finally, based on the high
prevalence rates reported and negative consequences experienced by victims, the
study put forth suggestions for interventions which could mitigate on the negative
effects of CDA. It was suggested that the three Universities should include CDA in
existing policies such as the social media policy and in policies on sexual
harassment and interpersonal violence within University settings. Also, there was
need to create awareness on CDA and its prevention to promote healthy dating and
enhance behavioural academic engagement.
Description
A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology of Education) in the School of Education, Kenyatta University, April, 2021
Keywords
Cyber Dating Abuse, Undergraduate Students’, Academic Engagement, Selected Universities, Nairobi City County, Kenya