Characterization of occult hepatitis B in highrisk populations in Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorKiptoon, Beatrice Jepkemei
dc.contributor.authorMissiani, Ochwoto
dc.contributor.authorSwidinsky, Ken
dc.contributor.authorDay, Jacqueline
dc.contributor.authorGebrebrhan, Henok
dc.contributor.authorMcKinnon, Lyle R.
dc.contributor.authorAndonov, Anton
dc.contributor.authorOyugi, Julius
dc.contributor.authorKimani, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorGachara, George
dc.contributor.authorSongok, Elijah Maritim
dc.contributor.authorOsiowy, Carla
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-11T15:39:52Z
dc.date.available2020-09-11T15:39:52Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionA research article published in Plose Oneen_US
dc.description.abstractOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the liver or serum in the absence of detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). OBI poses a risk for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of OBI in Kenya is unknown, thus a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of OBI in Kenyan populations at high risk of HBV infection. Sera from two Nairobi cohorts, 99 male sex workers, primarily having sex with men (MSM-SW), and 13 non-MSM men having HIV-positive partners, as well as 65 HBsAg-negative patients presenting with jaundice at Kenyan medical facilities, were tested for HBV serological markers, including HBV DNA by real-time PCR. Positive DNA samples were sequenced and MSMSW patients were further tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Of the 166 HBsAg-negative samples tested, 31 (18.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.5–25.3) were HBV DNA positive (i.e., occult), the majority (20/31; 64.5%) of which were HBV core protein antibody positive. HCV infection was not observed in the MSM-SW participants, although the prevalence of HBsAg positivity was 10.1% (10/99; 95% CI 5.6–17.6). HBV genotype A was predominant among study cases, including both HBsAg-positive and OBI participants, although the data suggests a non-African network transmission source among MSM-SW. The high prevalence of HBV infection among MSM-SW in Kenya suggests that screening programmes be instituted among high-risk cohorts to facilitate preventative measures, such as vaccination, and establish entry to treatment and linkage to care.en_US
dc.identifier.citationJepkemei KB, Ochwoto M, Swidinsky K, Day J, Gebrebrhan H, McKinnon LR, et al. (2020) Characterization of occult hepatitis B in high-risk populations in Kenya. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233727. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233727en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233727
dc.identifier.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233727
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/20310
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPLOS ONEen_US
dc.subjectoccult hepatitis Ben_US
dc.subjectKenyaen_US
dc.titleCharacterization of occult hepatitis B in highrisk populations in Kenyaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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