Bioavailability of antioxidant vitamins in selected indigenous vegetables and their potential use in management of HIV/AIDS in Butula, Busia Kenya
| dc.contributor.author | Nambafu, Rachel Wanjiru | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2012-03-26T12:58:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2012-03-26T12:58:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012-03-26 | |
| dc.description | RA 644 .A25N3 | |
| dc.description.abstract | HIV infection is characterized by a high preference of micronutrients deficiencies and wasting r that may vary considerably among different mv infected persons. High intake of micronutrients have been associated with reduced progression of JDV to AIDS and improved survival. Butula division in Busia district in Kenya is a region where indigenous vegetables do well during the rainy season but become scarce in the dry season. Vitamin A, C and E deficiency is a problem affecting people living with mv and AIDS (PL wHA). Deficiency of these antioxidant vitamins contribute to oxidative stress condition that accelerate death of immune cell and increase the rate of mv replication. The aim of this study was to identify vegetables rich in vitamin A, C and E with a view of assessing the bioavailability of these vitamins to PL WHA. The study investigated the feeding pattern of PL WHA in Butula division, determined vitamin A, C and E content in selected indigenous vegetables and the bioavailability of these vitamins for use in the management of HIV and AIDS.The determination of Karotene and a-tocopherol content in selected fresh and dry vegetables (amaranthus, cowpea leaves, nightshade, slender leaf, pumpkin leaves and frying spider), and in sera were done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure. Starch, protein, animal and plants food sources accounted for 45.17 %, 21.9 %, 17.48 % and 73 % respectively of total foods consumed by PL WHA in Butula Division. Fresh blanched vegetables, contained high levels of f}-carotene; 4000-9700 J1g/100g and atocopherol levels; 3000-7350 J1g1I~ The solar dried vegetables contained J3-carotene levels ranging from 572 to 854 J1g1g dry weight (DW) and a-tocopherol levels ranging from 281 to 673 Ilg/g DW. Solar dried vegetables contained significantly lower (p<0.05) amounts of carotene and a-tocopherol as compared with fresh vegetables. L-ascoIbic acid content in selected fresh vegetables and fruit juices was determined by redox titration and contained levels ranging between 6 and 65 mg/lOOg. Pineapple juice was found to contain high level of vitamin C; with one glass of blended pineapple juice meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) values. The mean serum retinol, a-tocopherol and f:k:arotene levels were 0.937, 0.144 and 17.7871lmolll respectively. The CD4+ cell counts of the PLWHA at baseline, determined using flow cytometer were within the normal range of 500-1500 cells/ul in blood while the CD8+ cell count was in the range of 300-3300 ceWJ11 of blood. Haemoglobin was less than 12 gldL and red blood cell width was less than 15.2 % indicating anaemia. 88.35% of the subjects had a CD4+/CD8+ ratio ofless than 1, 9.71% had a CD4+/CD8+ ratio range of2-3 and 1.94% had a ratio greater than 4. Normal CD4+/CD8+ ratio is in the range of 1-4. In the course ofJDV disease CD4 is often decreased and CDS increased so that the ratio is inverted77.95% of the subjects had a normal weight, 11.81% were underweight, 8.66% were overweight and 1.5']0/0 were obese. The bioavailability in the foods estimated using algorithm indicated a +2.17 change in serum carotene while there was +7.776 change in serum a-tocopherol levels indicating that the consumption of the food supplement would resuh to improving the bioavailability of these nutrients in PL WHA in Butula. Indigenous foods in Butula contain high levels of carotene and a-tocopherol which are moderately bioavailable if mixed in good proportion can meet RDA of the vitamins A, C and E which are 750J1g retinol equivalent/day, 6Omglday, 8mglday respectively (Combs, 1998) and boost the immunity of PL WHA. The results will provide nutritional information on the indigenous vegetables grown in Butula division and their potential use in the management of mv/AIDS | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Kenyatta University | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3510 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.title | Bioavailability of antioxidant vitamins in selected indigenous vegetables and their potential use in management of HIV/AIDS in Butula, Busia Kenya | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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