Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents?

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dc.contributor.authorHarika, Rajwinder
dc.contributor.authorFaber, Mieke
dc.contributor.authorSamuel, Folake
dc.contributor.authorMulugeta, Afework
dc.contributor.authorKimiywe, Judith
dc.contributor.authorEilander, Ans
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-10T09:04:33Z
dc.date.available2018-01-10T09:04:33Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractObjective: To perform a systematic review to evaluate iron, vitamin A, zinc, and iodine status and intakes in children and adolescents (0-19 years) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Method: Both national and subnational data published from the year 2005 to 2015 were searched via MEDLINE, Scopus, and national public health websites. For each micronutrient and country, status data from relevant studies and surveys were combined into an average prevalence and weighted by sample size (WAVG). Inadequate intakes were estimated from mean (SD) intakes. Results: This review included 55 surveys and studies, 17 from Ethiopia, 11 from Kenya, 12 from Nigeria, and 16 from South Africa. The WAVG prevalence of anemia ranged from 25% to 53%, iron deficiency from 12% to 29%, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) from 14% to 42%, zinc deficiency from 32% to 63%, and iodine deficiency from 15% to 86% in children aged 0 to 19 years from 4 countries. Generally, children <5 years had higher prevalence of anemia (32%-63%), VAD (15%-35%), and zinc deficiency (35%-63%) compared to children aged 5 to 19 years. Studies with intake data indicated that inadequate intakes ranged from 51% to 99% for zinc, 13% to 100% for iron, and 1% to 100% for vitamin A. Households failing to consume adequately iodized (>15 ppm) salt ranged from 2% in Kenya to 96% in Ethiopia. Conclusion: With large variation within the 4 African countries, our data indicate that anemia and vitamin A, zinc, and iodine deficiencies are problems of public health significance. Effective public health strategies such as dietary diversification and food fortification are needed to improve micronutrient intake in both younger and older children.en_US
dc.identifier.citationFood and Nutrition Bulletin 2017, Vol. 38(3) 405-427en_US
dc.identifier.issn0379-5721
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/18110
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSAGE Publicationsen_US
dc.subjectAnemiaen_US
dc.subjectIronen_US
dc.subjectVitamin Aen_US
dc.subjectZincen_US
dc.subjectIodineen_US
dc.subjectDeficiencyen_US
dc.subjectIntakeen_US
dc.subjectEthiopiaen_US
dc.subjectKenyaen_US
dc.subjectNigeriaen_US
dc.subjectSouth Africaen_US
dc.titleAre Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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