Socio-demographic and sexual practices associated with HIV infection in Kenyan injection and non-injection drug users
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Date
2018
Authors
Budambula, Valentine
Matoka, Charles
Ouma, James
Ahmed, Aabid A.
Otieno, Michael F.
Were, Tom
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
BioMed Central
Abstract
Background: Substance use is increasingly becoming prevalent on the African continent, fueling the spread of HIV
infection. Although socio-demographic factors influence substance consumption and risk of HIV infection, the
association of these factors with HIV infection is poorly understood among substance users on the African continent.
The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and sexual practices that are associated with HIV infection
among injection drug users (IDUs), non-IDUs, and non-drug users (DUs) at an urban setting of coastal Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 451 adults comprising HIV-infected and
-uninfected IDUs (n = 157 and 39); non-IDUs (n = 17 and 48); and non-DUs (n = 55 and 135); respectively at
coastal, Kenya. Respondent driven sampling, snowball and makeshift methods were used to enroll IDUs and
non-IDUs. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to enroll non-DUs from the hospital’s voluntary HIV testing
unit. Participant assisted questionnaire was used in collecting socio-demographic data and sexual practices.
Results: Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that higher likelihood of HIV infection was associated with sex for
police protection (OR, 9.526; 95% CI, 1.156-78.528; P = 0.036) and history of sexually transmitted infection (OR, 5.117;
95% CI, 1.924-13.485; P = 0.001) in IDUs; divorced, separated or widowed marital status (OR, 6.315; 95% CI, 1.334-29.898;
P = 0.020) in non-IDUs; and unemployment (OR, 2.724; 95% CI, 1.049-7.070; P = 0.040) in non-drug users. However,
never married (single) marital status (OR, 0.140; 95% CI, 0.030-0.649; P = 0.012) was associated with lower odds for HIV
infection in non-drug users.
Conclusion: Altogether, these results suggest that socio-demographic and sexual risk factors for HIV transmission differ
with drug use status, suggesting targeted preventive measures for drug users.
Keywords: HIV infection, Injection drug users (IDUs), Non-IDUs, Non-drug users, Socio-demographic and sexual risk practices
Description
DOI 10.1186/s12889-018-5100-y
Keywords
HIV infection, Injection drug users (IDUs), Non-IDUs, Non-drug users, Socio-demographic, Sexual risk practices
Citation
BMC Public Health (2018) 18:193, DOI 10.1186/s12889-018-5100-y