In Vivo Activities of Methanol Extract Of Solanum Incanum and Urtica Massaica On Aspirin Induced Ulcers And Gastrointestinal Motility
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Date
2023-04
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Kenyatta University
Abstract
Peptic ulcer affects millions people around the world and the number is increasing
annually. About 10-20% of these patients are diagnosed with ulcer, among these 14%
!mve perforated peptic ulcer. Currently there are several anti-ulcer medications which are
in use to treat ulcer. However, these drugs have adverse side effects and most of them are
not affordable. Traditionally plants are used to treat ulcer; this medication is common and
affordable. Solanum incanum and Urtica massaica are among the plants which are used
to treat stomach related ailment in East African. However, there is no report on their
effect on the gastric or duodenal ulcers as well as the gastrointestinal motility. Therefore,
the main objective of this study was to establish whether the methanol extract of S.
incanum root and U. massaica leaves can reverse aspirin induced ulcer in rats as well as
their effect on GIT motility using isolated rabbit jejunum. Gastric hemorrhagic lesion was
induced using 200 mg/kg of aspirin with 2.0 ml of 40% ethanol. The lesions were then
observed using a dissecting microscope to score the damage taking in to consideration the
number of the lesions per stomach. The Mohr method was carried out to measure
chloride ion concentration and the pH of each stomach content was measured using pH
meter. To determine the GIT activity, segments of rabbit jejunum were suspended in an
organ bath connected to the kymograph. . incanum root extract and U. massaica leaves
were effective against gastric mucosal lesions conferring healing through reduction of
gastric acidity. The total chloride was significantly (p<0.05) reduced with administration
of the doses of S. incanum extracts. The group of rats treated with Cimetidine showed
significant reduction of ulcerations with 60.4 £ 4.48 which was comparable with the S.
incanum and U. massaica treated groups. The root extract of S. incanum at dose 50 mg,
100 mg and 200 mg induced jejunal relaxation. All the extracts of U. massaica compared
with both the vehicle and acetylcholine had no effect. Qualitative phytochemical
screening of U. massaica showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins
while that of S. incanum root extract revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,
phenolics, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones and tannins. The findings of this study
are in support of traditional uses of these plants for management of ulcer.