Phytochemical Profile, Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Dichloromethane Leaf Extracts of Eucalyptus Globulus (Labill) and Senna Didymobotrya (Fresenius)
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Date
2021
Authors
Mworia, Joseph Kiambi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
Pain,fever and inflammation are managed using synthetic drugs, which are
associated with many undesirable effects. Herbal medicines form an alternative
therapy to synthetic drugs since they possess fewer side effects. Eucalyptus
globulus and Senna didymobotrya are traditionally used by the Embu and Mbeere
communities of Kenya in the management and/or treatment of many ailments
including pain, fever and inflammation. Empirical data on their effects against
pain, fever and inflammation is, however, lacking. This study, therefore, sought to
determine the quantitative phytochemical profiles, as well as in vivo antipyretic,
analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of E.
globulus and S. didymobotrya. The plant samples were obtained from Mbeere
North Sub-County, Kenya. Three grams of leaf extracts of E. globulus and S.
didymobotrya samples were obtained and analyzed to determine quantitative
phytochemical composition using GC-MS. Swiss albino mice were used in the
bioscreening of analgesic and anti-inflammation activities, while albino rats were
used in the antipyretic activity. In each test group, nine groups of five
experimental animals were used: Positive, normal, negative control and six
experimental groups. Turpentine, Formalin and Carrageenan were used for
induction of fever, pain and inflammation respectively. Aspirin was used as a
reference antipyretic drug while diclofenac was used as reference analgesic and
anti-inflammatory drug. Six extract doses of each studied plant were tested for
antipyretic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities (25, 50, 100, 150,
200 and 250mg/kgbw). The GC-MS results revealed 25 and 10 phytocompounds
for E.globulus and S.didymobotrya respectively. Results of antipyretic,
antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory assays in animal models showed that the
two leaf extracts have potential antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activities attributed to the constituent phytocompounds namely alphapinene,
borneol,limonene among others. E. globulus extract at 250mg kg bw
reduced pyrexia by 2.29%, 3.27%, 3.59% and 4.83% while S. dymobotrya
reduced fever by 1.31%, 2.24%, 3.08% and 3.97% in the 1st , 2nd , 3rd and 4th hours
respectively. For pain bioscreening, E. globulus and S. didymobotrya at 250
mg/kgbw reduced the paw licking time in the late phase by 98.52% and 96.82%,
respectively. E. globulus extract at 250mg kg bw reduced inflamed paw in the 1st,
2nd, 3rd and 4th hours, by 2.27, 6.52, 9.09 and 10.90% respectively while S.
didymobotrya at similar doses, reduced paw by 2.41, 5.43, 8.31 and 9.05%
respectively. The administered extract doses (200, 250 mg) are appropriate in the
bioassay of antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in animal
models. Therefore, this study, confirms and supports the use of studied plant
extracts as alternative and/or complementary remedies against pain, fever and
inflammation. It also sets pace for further studies to develop plant-derived drug
compounds for treatment of pain, fever and inflammation perhaps by
fractionating, isolating, purifying and bioassaying phytocompounds.
Description
A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Biochemistry) in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences of Kenyatta University, May, 2021
Keywords
Phytochemical Profile, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, Dichloromethane Leaf Extracts, Eucalyptus Globulus (Labill), Senna Didymobotrya (Fresenius)