Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Prevalence among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
| dc.contributor.author | Nyabera, Roseanne Aloo Ogola | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-02T08:56:27Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-07-02T08:56:27Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-09 | |
| dc.description | A Research Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Public Health (Monitoring and Evaluation) in the School of Health Sciences of Kenyatta University, September 2024. Supervisors: 1. B. M. Okello Agina 2. Joachim Osur | |
| dc.description.abstract | The life expectancy of people with HIV living in developed countries is fast approaching general population norms. While this is because of better treatments, this optimism is tempered by a range of other conditions that are appearing as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), get older and live longer predisposing them to nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. (CVDs). The dual burden of CVDs and HIV in sub–Saharan Africa is of public concern. People living with HIV are 1.5-2fold increased risk of coronary artery diseases mechanism based on a pro-inflammatory state due to HIV diseases and more likely to develop CVD risk factors compared to the non-infected individuals. Studies on associations between ARVs and CVD risk factors prevalence are mainly from developed countries thus need to get data from this region and document. This survey determined the CVD risk factors among PLHIV in Nairobi City County. Further, the study determined the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics associated with CVD, biological CVD risk factors, the relationship between behavioural factors and CVD risk factor, and the relationship between the use of ARVs and biological and behavioural CVD risk factors among PLHIV. A descriptive cross-sectional study design, conducted in four (4) comprehensive care clinics, purposively selected, sampling technique used to determine the sample size of 405 participants. A data collection form with measurable elements used. The prevalence of CVD was found to be higher in male than female (7.2: 4.0), mean age at 47 years compared to the older population. Prevalence of 25.2% was found compared with the national data of 25.4%. The results indicated that 25.2% were overweight, 35.8% had elevated RBS, and 20.3% had 200 mg/dL and above, 48.1% of PLHIV had Prehypertension (Stage 1)130-139 <90 and 12.8% had stage 2 hypertension (>140 or >90). Gender and age significant at (P<.05), Frequency of BP measurements resulted in CVD risk factor at 0.010, CD4 count levels significant at 0.04. (Lower levels below 500cells/mm). Regression analysis results indicated that with other factors held constant at 7.744, then a .310 change in socio-demographic characteristics, .419 change in Use of ARVs factors and a .360 change in behavioural factors will contribute to a unit change in the CVD risk factors. In conclusion prevalence of CVD risk factors was high in PLHIV. Male patients at a higher risk than female and Mean age of 47years. The prevalence of Pre-hypertension Stage I and Stage II, obesity and elevated blood sugar levels was significant, but no association was observed with ART regime or duration of ARV use. There is a need to integrate CVD management into regular HIV care. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Kenyatta University | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/30305 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.title | Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Prevalence among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Nairobi City County, Kenya. | |
| dc.type | Thesis |