Nutritional Status, Dietary and Physical Activity Practices, Adults with Type II Diabetes Attending Nakuru Level Five Hospital, Kenya
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Date
2024-11
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Kenyatta University
Abstract
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (TIIDM), formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Nutrition and physical activity improve glycemic control, moderate to vigorous physical activity (30 min/day for five days/week) is recommended for the management of type II diabetes mellitus-related complications. Despite studies showing that nutritional status, dietary intake and physical activity practices are significant in managing Type II diabetic adults, data on the same is scanty in Nakuru County Referral and Teaching Hospital. The study's main objective was to assess the nutritional status, dietary practices and physical activity level of Type II diabetes adults attending NCRTH. The study utilized a cross-sectional analytical design among 105 adults recruited by systematic and simple random sampling from a sample of about 400 adults, 99 of whom consented. The respondents were diabetic adults aged 20–70 years and had the condition for more than one year. Nakuru County Referral and Teaching Hospital NCRTH was purposefully selected, considering its well-established diabetic clinic. A researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, dietary practices, nutritional status, and fasting blood glucose. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire collected data on physical activity. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0 was used to manage data. The results showed the respondents' mean age was 54.77 ± 8.82 years. The majority of the respondents 63.6% were female, 48.5% were 50-60 years old, 62.6% married, 33.3% had formal employment, and 50.5% had a monthly income ranging from 20,000-50,000. Mean energy intake per day was 2376.4 ± 156.2 and 2265.7 ± 134.2 kcal for male and female respectively. The respondents recorded overweight and obesity of (59%) and central obesity of 68.7%, and majority (62.6%) were engaged moderate physical activity. The results from Pearson correlation coefficients showed that blood glucose levels had a strong positive correlation coefficient with energy intake (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001), number of meals (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001), dietary diversity score (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001), physical activity (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001), and nutrition status (BMI) (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001). However, there were no significant associations with socio-economic parameters such as age, gender, education level, or marital status. Respondents with energy intake within recommended levels were 1.4 times more likely to have average normal blood glucose than those with excess (OR = 1.42, P<0.0001). The study concluded that dietary practices characterized by high intake of calories and low physical activity are associated with a greater risk of diabetes complications within TIIDM adults. The study recommended that NCRTH diabetes clinic implement wellness program on dietary intake and physical activities per diabetes adult and regular consultation with nutrition programs to manage blood glucose level of adults with TIIDM and associated complications.
Description
A Research Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Masters of Science in Food, Nutrition, and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences of Kenyatta University, November, 2024
1. Sophie Ochola.
2. Jane Kamau.