Phytochemical Profiles and Bioefficacy of Methanol Extracts of Cissampelos Pareira L., Lantana Camara L., and Ocimum Gratissimum L. Against Inflammation, Pain And Fever
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Date
2023
Authors
Nyawira, Kimuni Susan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
Herbal medicine is an effective therapy and safe for treating and managing various illnesses. In Kenya, the Embu and Mbeere communities that reside in Embu County use, Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae), Lantana camara (Santalaceae) and Ocimum gratissimum (Asteraceae) in managing inflammation, pyrexia, and other diseases. Nevertheless, their scientific data is yet to be validated. The current study aspired to investigate the quantitative phytochemical profiles, in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic characteristics of C. pareira, L. camara and O. gratissimum methanol extracts. The local herbalist assisted in identifying and collecting plant samples from Mbeere North Sub-County, Embu County. The collected specimens were packed in khaki bags then taken to Kenyatta University, where extraction was carried out using methanol. Samples of four grams each of the three studied plants were used to evaluate quantitative phytochemical composition using LC-MS and GC-MS. Antipyretic activity of the extracts was bioscreening in Wistar rats while antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were screened in Swiss albino mice. Eight groups constituting five test animals for each experimental group were used: Normal, positive, negative control, and five extract groups. Carrageenan, Formalin and Turpentine were used to induce inflammation, pain and fever, respectively. Diclofenac, Paracetamol, and Aspirin were used as reference drugs for inflammation, pain, and pyrexia. The plants were tested for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties at extract concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical analysis revealed 25, 30 and 38 phytocompounds for C. pareira, L. camara and O. gratissimum, respectively. The antipyretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory assays in animal models revealed that the three-leaf extracts have potential anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities attributed to individual phytochemicals that included limonene, quercetin, apigenin, alpha and beta-pinene, among others. Additionally, the potent antipyretic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects showed by the three studied plant extracts were comparable to the standard drugs (Aspirin, Diclofenac and Paracetamol, respectively). Compared to the orally administered extracts, the intraperitoneally administered plant extracts demonstrated the greater antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The extract concentrations (200 and 250 mg/kg bw) administered both orally and intraperitoneally were appropriate in animal models' bioassay of the three effects (anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic). This study further, demonstrated that C. pareira, L. camara and O. gratissimum at the tested doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weights caused no alterations to the vital organs of mice. However, C. pareira and L. camara extracts at the dose of 1000 mg/kg bw, recorded significant changes in mice's organ weights and biochemical parameters. The research rooted the forkloric use of the three plants in curing various diseases, including inflammation, pain, and fever. Therefore, this study supports and confirms studied plant extracts as alternative and complementary remedies against fever, inflammation and pain.
Description
A Thesis Submitted In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biotechnology) in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences of Kenyatta University
June, 2023
Keywords
Phytochemical Profiles, Bioefficacy, Methanol Extracts, Cissampelos Pareira L, Lantana Camara L, Inflammation, Pain And Fever