Effects of Organic and Inorganic Mulching on Weeds, Diseases, Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L) in Bungoma County, Kenya.
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Date
2020
Authors
Musito, James Wafula
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is a major commercial vegetable for small holder
farmers in Kenya. Optimizing tomato production provides an opportunity to increase
household incomes, improve standards of living and creating employment
opportunities for small holder farmers in the tomato growing counties. Despite the
favorable climatic conditions, tomato yields in tomato producing Counties remain
far below the potential yields range in open field production of 40 to 100 tons per
hectare. Low tomato yield is caused by poor soil moisture and fertility management
and prevalence of pests and diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate the
effects of organic and inorganic mulching on weeds infestations, disease incidences,
physiological disorders, growth and yield of tomato varieties. The field experiment
was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in split-plot
arrangement replicated three times. Two tomato varieties i.e. Cal J (Determinate)
and Tylka F1 (Semi indeterminate) were the main plot treatment while the sub plot
treatments were composed of black polyethylene film mulch (standard management
practice), white polyethylene film mulch (standard management practice) ,sugarcane
Trash at 3kg per meter square and No mulch. Data was collected on plant height,
shoot weight, stem thickness, number of branches, number of trusses, number of
open flowers , fruit sizes(small, medium and large), Fruit weight (marketable and
non-marketable), Soil moisture content, Bacterial wilt and blossom end rot
incidence and severity levels and weeds dry weight. The data was subjected to the
analysis of variance using SAS software at P≤0.05 and mean separation where
significant differences were observed was done using Fischer’s Protected LSD. The
mulching treatments showed significant influence on the soil moisture content for
both seasons with the highest recorded under the black polythene mulch with a
maximum of 22.1% recorded at 8 weeks after transplanting and 18.9% at 6 weeks
after transplanting during the first and second seasons respectively. The lowest
moisture content was recorded in plots that were not mulched. Mulching with
organic and inorganic materials significantly influenced the growth and yield
parameters for both seasons in the two tomato varieties. White polyethylene mulch
contributed to the highest number of branches per plant (10) and number of flower
clusters (30) in Cal-J variety. The tallest plants were recorded in the same treatment
on Tylka variety at 143. 7 cm while the shortest plants were recorded in the control
treatment of Cal J variety. The highest number of large fruits (27) was observed on
the white polyethylene mulch of Cal-J variety which was not significantly different
from Tylka F1 with the same mulching treatment with (25) fruits per plant during
the first season. Tylka F1 under the white polyethylene mulch had the highest yield
with 76.8 tonnes per hectare and Cal-J had 71.6 tonnes per hectare under the same
mulch treatment recorded during the first season. The lowest tomato yield was
observed where no mulch was applied in both seasons under both tomato varieties.
The mulching treatments did not have significant influence on the incidences of
bacterial wilt and blossom end rot in the two varieties for both seasons. The black
polyethylene mulch had the highest weed suppression rate with the control showing
the highest fresh and dry weed weight for both seasons. Results from this study
shows that inorganic and organic mulch has the potential to increase growth and
yield of tomato and suppress weeds growth.
Description
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Award of a Degree of Master of
Science (Agronomy) in the School of Agriculture and
Enterprise Development of Kenyatta University
Keywords
Organic Mulching, Inorganic Mulching, Bungoma County, Kenya, tomato production, Low tomato yield