PHD-Department of Public Health

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Browsing PHD-Department of Public Health by Subject "Kenya"

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    Effects of Behavioural Change Communication on Hivand Aids Related High Risk Behaviour among Fishermen in Homabay and Siaya Counties, Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2023) Akobi, William Kala; John Paul Oyore; George Ochieng Otieno
    Risky sexual behaviors such as sexual concurrency, sexual networks (fish for sex exchange) and unprotected sex, have been reported as the main cause of STIs / HIV infections among the fisher folks. Behavioral Change mechanisms such as condom use, and abstinence are some of the interventions used in the prevention of transfer of infections from one person to another. In Kenya, studies are lacking on the effect of targeted behavioral change communication on the prevalence of risky behaviors among the fisher folks. Risky sexual behaviors increase the risk of contracting STIs which results into acute as well as long-term complications including infertility, fetal wastage, ectopic pregnancy, cancer, premature death and neonatal/infant infections. This was a cross-sectional, longitudinal descriptive and quasi-experimental study involving 246 randomly selected fisher folks in Mbita Homabay County and Usenge in Siaya County. This study used quasi-experimental design to assess the awareness level on risky sexual behavior among the fisher folks in Mbita, Homabay County and Usenge, Siaya County; with the aim of assessing the awareness level of the risky behavior among the fishermen, determining the prevalence alcohol and drug abuse and high risk behavior among the fisher folks; determining the role of circumcision in high risk behavior among the fisher folks; identifying the high risk behaviors among the fisher folks in Mbita, Homabay county and Usenge, Siaya County; determining the role of sexual networks and sexual concurrency as a risky sexual behavior among the fisher folks in Mbita, Homa Bay County and Usenge Siaya and to determine the effect of the behavior change communication on the risky sexual behavior among the fisherfolks in Mbita, Homabay County and Usenge, Siaya county. This was a three-tier study involving baseline, intervention and end line (evaluation). Qualitative data was collected using Focus Group Discussion and Key informant interviews while, quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Fishers exact test was used with a significant P>0.000. Various variables were influenced by behavior change communication strategies used. These includes use of condom every time of sexual encounter P>0.000, risk associated with non -condom use P>0.004, stopping using condom and fear of getting HIV/AIDS P>0.009, Sexual intercourse without condom use is dangerous P>0.000, whether remembering to use condom every time of sex is difficult P.0.000, whether they are keeping many sexual partners P.0.004, receiving fish /money in exchange for sex in last six months P.0.006. This study recommends further research on the emerging of the dynamic boda boda riders within the fishing industry beaches and its public health effect on industry as far as sexually transmitted infections and HIV spread is concerned and its public health outcome This mode of transport is popular within the fishing c ommunity.
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    Effects of Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children on Livelihood Outcomes of Beneficiary Households in Meru County, Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2022) Festus, Eliud Mutwiri; Joan Kabaria -Muriithi; Christine Njuguna
    Studies have revealed that increasing levels of poverty aggravates the plight of vulnerable populations in developing countries making it imperative for governments to design cash transfer programmes to address the situation. Cash Transfer programmes are policies and programmes designed to cushion vulnerable people against poverty and vulnerability. Scholarly work suggest that Cash Transfer Programmes have positively contributed to improved livelihoods of underprivileged and vulnerable populations in most African countries, however, few studies have been done to determine their effects on beneficiary households in Kenya. Despite various efforts to improve the livelihood outcomes of beneficiary households in Kenya, indicators such as school enrolment and retention, access to affordable health services, wealth creation and ownership of assets show the possibility that beneficiaries of cash transfer programme are still suffering from poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion. This study sought to investigate the effects of Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) on livelihood outcomes of households in Tigania West Sub- County, Meru County. Specifically the study sought to: assess the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer programme and livelihood outcomes; examine beneficiary households’ Awareness on the objectives of cash transfer programme for OVC and their livelihood outcomes; investigate the relationship between expenditure priorities and livelihood outcomes; explore the risks associated with the mode of payment of cash transfer programme for orphans and vulnerable children and their effects on livelihood outcomes and to develop a model of the relationship between cash transfer programme and livelihood outcomes. The study utilized mixed methods research design and targeted 1040 subjects with a sample of 281. The findings indicate that cash transfer programme had a positive impact on livelihood outcomes of beneficiary households and that there exists a positive relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfers for OVC and their livelihood outcomes, awareness of objectives of the cash transfer programme impacted negatively on the livelihood outcomes of beneficiary households. The expenditure priorities of households receiving cash transfers impacted their livelihood outcomes, while risks associated with the mode of payment had an explanatory strength on livelihood outcomes of beneficiary households. The study recommends that policy makers should review the existing policies on the cash transfer programmes to incorporate the assessment of households’ socio-economic characteristics prior to their enrolment into the programme. Policy implementers should disburse the cash Electronically or through bank accounts as the two modes of payment were found to have had the lowest associated risks and thus are the preferred mode of disbursement of cash transfers to OVC. The Government of Kenya and NGOs dealing with children’s issues should develop training programmes on awareness and expenditure modalities to promote effective utilization of cash transfer stipends among the beneficiaries.