The chapter analyses the legal instruments regulating migration within Africa and within the EU, their historical evolution, the contents of the free movement of people guarantees and the methods of their implementation. On this basis, it advocates for an Afro-European integration scheme which would break with the prevailing identity narratives stigmatising migrants. Borrowing from the best practices in Africa and EU, such a scheme - unlike the current Cotonou regime - should adapt a rule-based approach linking migration with trade, conferring individual rights enforceable in a court of law and encompassing lower-skilled and higher-skilled workers.