(IST-Africa, 2019) Kamunya, Samuel; Maina, Elizaphan; Oboko, Robert
The use of gamification in education has been viewed as an innovative approach to introduce benefits of games in a non gaming context. Instructively, for a successful gamification process in learning, motivational theories and behavioral outcomes for the learner have to be incorporated in design framework. Observably gamification projects particularly within the education domain for e-learning platforms have encountered challenges key amongst them, emanating from lack of appropriate gamification design framework. Subsequently the study sought through systematic literature review to investigate types of gamification design frameworks. 16 design frameworks were evaluated and only 2 frameworks were designed for gamification within an e-learning environment. However the two frameworks did not address motivational affordances, behavioral Outcomes and evaluations rigor. In view of this the study proposes a framework identifying games elements as motivational affordances that influence behavioral outcome of the learner