RP-Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics

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Browsing RP-Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics by Subject "Adolescents"

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    Breakfast, Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status of Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2016) Lateef, O.J.; Njogu, E.; Kiplamai, F.; Haruna, U.S.; Lawal, R.A.
    Breakfast as the first meal of the day is one of the most skipped meals by adolescent students. Several research studies indicated that unhealthy food consumption and breakfast skipping contribute to low glyceamic level, poor cognition and academic performance as well as increasing prevalence of poor nutritional status among children (5-19) years. This study determined prevalence of breakfast and food consumption pattern and nutritional status of students in public secondary schools. This study’s design was cross-sectional and multistage random sampling was used to select 515 participants, (343 girls and 172 boys) from 8 public secondary schools in study area. Self- reported 24 h recall dietary questionnaire was used to collect data on breakfast and food consumption of participants. Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to collect data on weight and height of participants. Data were cleaned, coded and analyzed using (SPSS Version 20) and WHO anthroplus software. Results indicated that 54.0% of participants were (15/6-18/5) years/months, 77% consumed breakfast daily and 52% added (1-2) teaspoons of sugar daily to beverages. Furthermore, participants mostly consumed refined carbohydrates such as doughnut and biscuits (2.36±0.99 times per week), while mostly consumed fat and oil such as vegetable oil in soup (2.54±0.96 times per week), mostly consumed snacks such as fish pies and fish rolls (2.71±0.87 times per week), while mostly consumed protein such as eggs (2.15±0.69 times per week) and mostly consumed fruit such as pawpaw (2.56±0.89 times per week). Overall Nutritional status indicated that underweight was 29.1%, overweight was 4.7%, obesity was 0.2 and 66.0% were of normal weight. Furthermore, Nutritional status for both boys and girls indicated that underweight was (47.7 and 19.8%), overweight was (0.6 and 6.7%), obese was (0 and 0.3%) and normal weight was (51.7 and 73.2%), respectively. Relationship between food consumption and nutritional status of participants was positive but not significant (r = 0.012, p = 0.785). Analysis of variance showed positive significant relationship (p = 0.001) between food consumption and nutritional status. Despite that majority of participants consumed breakfast, the participants low frequency of food consumption is still of concern and this may influence their nutritional status negatively. Parents and other stakeholders should encourage breakfast consumption by participants as well as the consumption of nutritious food in order to meet their daily dietary allowance
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    Determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescent students in public secondary schools in Kwara state, Nigeria
    (2016, 2016) Lateef, O.J.; Njogu, E.; Kiplamai, F.; Haruna, U.S.; Lawal, R.A.
    Adolescents and childhood overweight and obesity have been observed as one of the serious public health challenges of the 21st century by World Health Organization. This study identified the determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents in public schools in Kwara state, Nigeria. Multistage and stratified sampling techniques were used to randomly select 515 participants which comprised of 343 girls and 172 boys aged (10-19) years in 8 public secondary schools from 32 schools in 2 zonal inspectorate divisions. Data was collected using modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to measure weight and height of the participants. (SPSS, Version 20) and WHO Anthroplus were used to analyze the data. Overall prevalence of overweight is (4.7%) and obesity (0.2%), while prevalence for male and female overweight (0.6%, 6.7%) and obesity (0%, 0.3%) respectively. Calculated mean BMI for age of the participants was (19.72± 2.62) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were positive but weakly correlated to food consumption (FC) of participants (r= 0.012), however the relationship was significant (p< 0.001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were negatively correlated with no significance to the physical activity level of participants (r=-0.105). Participants need to consume more of low calorie foods such as fruits and vegetables and should also engage in more physical activity practices such as aerobics to lower overweight and obesity prevalence
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    Dietary Intake of Schoolchildren and Adolescents in Developing Countries
    (Karger, 2014) Ochola, S. A.; Masibo, P.K.
    School age and adolescence is a dynamic period of growth and development forming a strong foundation for good health and productive adult life. Appropriate dietary intake is critical for forming good eating habits and provides the much needed nutrients for growth, long-term health, cognition and educational achievements. A large proportion of the population globally is in the school age or adolescence, with more than three quarters of these groups living in developing countries. An up-to-date review and discussion of the dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries is suitable to provide recent data on patterns of dietary intake, adequacy of nutrient intake and their implications for public health and nutrition issues of concern. This review is based on literature published from 2000 to 2014 on dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6-19 years. A total of 50 studies from 42 countries reporting on dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents were included. The dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries is limited in diversity, mainly comprising plant-based food sources, but with limited intake of fruits and vegetables. There is a low energy intake and insufficient micronutrient intake. At the same time, the available data indicate an emerging trend of consumption of high-energy snacks and beverages, particularly in urban areas. The existence of a negative and positive energy balance in the same population points to the dual burden of malnutrition and highlights the emerging nutrition transition in developing countries. This observation is important for planning public health nutrition approaches that address the concerns of the two ends of the nutrition divide
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    Effect of Nutrition and Physical Education on Adolescents’ Physical Activity Levels, Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and Dietary Practices
    (Fortune Journals, 2020) Wandia, Florence; Ochola, Sophie; Ogada, Irene
    Physical activity, nutrition knowledge, attitude and dietary practices are key factors associated with overweight and obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of a school-focused nutrition and physical education intervention on the physical activity levels, knowledge, attitudes and dietary practices in relation to body weight among adolescents attending day schools in Kenya. Adolescent students, 15-18 years of age were randomly assigned to either control or intervention group. The intervention group received 8 weeks of nutrition and physical education sessions on healthy eating and physical activity. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. Metabolic Equivalent for Task (MET) scores were significantly higher in the intervention group (T-test: -3.6998; p=0.002) at 6 months post intervention as compared to the control group, whose MET scores significantly decreased (T-test: 2.816; p=0.005) in the same period.At 8 weeks and 6 months post intervention, mean knowledge scores were higher in the intervention group as compared to the control group (3.798 ± 1.289 and 3.778 ± 1.246) for intervention and control groups respectively. At 6 months post-intervention, the mean knowledge scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (T-test: 2.269; p=0.024). At 6 months post intervention, mean attitude scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (T-test: -6.471; p<0.001). Those in intervention group were more likely to consume less unhealthy foods and more healthy foods at 8 weeks and at 6 months post intervention. This study improved Physical activity levels, Knowledge, Attitudes and Dietary practices of the adolescents.
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    Physical and Nutrition Education Intervention Improves Body Weight Status of Adolescents in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 2020) Wandia, Florence; Ochola, Sophie; Ogada Irene
    The study aimed to establish the effect of a school-focused physical and nutrition education intervention on the weight status of adolescent students’ ages 15-18 years in Kenya. This was a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial conducted from August 2018 to March 2019, in which 4 schools were randomly placed into two study arms (control and intervention) at a ratio of 1:1. A total of 222 adolescent students were assigned to the 2 study groups (111 per arm) based on their schools’ study group. The Intervention group received physical and nutrition education sessions for a period of 8 weeks, while the control group received no intervention from the research team. The parents and students were both involved in this study which was conducted in parallel at different schools to avoid data contamination or mix of information. Data was collected at baseline, at 8 weeks and at 6 months post intervention. Study arms were similar in all baseline characteristics (demography, socio-economic and anthropometric indices). The intervention group had a significantly lower waist circumference at 8 weeks post intervention compared to the control group (T-test: 3.229; p =0.001), but the mean BMI for age Z scores were not significantly different at the same time period (T-test:-0.357; p=0.720), between the study groups. The intervention group had lower mean waist circumference and lower mean BMI for age Z scores in contrast to the control group, at 6 months post intervention. Significant changes in the mean scores of waist circumference (Difference in Difference (DID) of 1.16; p<0.001) and mean BMI for age z scores (DID of 0.66; p<0.001) were noted when baseline and end line mean scores were compared. This study has demonstrated that school focused physical and nutrition education can be effective in reducing weight status among adolescent students. Interventions that involve creating awareness among the parents for parental support are recommended in future.