Browsing by Author "Waswa, Stanlous Juma"

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    Diversity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Tree Tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) In Kiambu and Embu Counties, Kenya
    (Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 2020) Waswa, Stanlous Juma; Waceke, J. W.; Nchore, S. B.
    Surveys were conducted in five areas representing different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Kiambu and Embu counties in Kenya during January to April 2019 cropping season to determine population density, genera diversity and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with tree tomato farming systems. Nematodes were extracted from 200cc of soil or 5g of roots using modified Baermann technique. The nematode diversity and evenness in the study areas were determined using Shannon and Simpson’s indices respectively. Soil nutrients were determined using Mehlich double acid digestion. A structured questionnaire was used to get information on farming practices from sampled farmers. Meloidogyne spp. was the most dominant genera followed by Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. in both soil and root samples. Githunguri recorded significantly high mean number of 15.92 and 4.29 nematodes in soil and root samples respectively. Kiambaa had the highest diversity index of 1.59 and 0.86 in soil and roots respectively while genera richness was highest in Kiambaa with 13 nematode genera in soil. Simpson’s index of evenness was highest in Kiambaa with 0.69 and 0.47 in soil and root samples respectively. Githunguri had the high egg mass index of 2.00. Soil texture and elements of C, P, K and N together with farming practices may have contributed to the nematode community structure in the study areas.
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    In-Vitro Nematicidal Efficacy of Lantana Camara Leaf Extract Combined With Endophytic Fungus (Colletotrichum Nigrum) Against Root-Knot Nematodes
    (International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, 2024-12) Waswa, Stanlous Juma; Waceke, J. Wanjohi; Maina, M.
    Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are a major threat to crop productivity due to their polyphagous nature. However, hazards due to chemicals have necessitated farmers to search for alternative safe approaches to manage RKNs. This study evaluated nematicidal effects of Lantana camara L. leaf extract alone and in combination with endophytic Colletotrichum nigrum isolated from roots of tree tomato as an ecofriendly solution to manage RKNs. Extract from powdered Lantana leaves (20 grams/100 ml w/v) were evaluated at 25, 50, 75 and 100 % concentrations as standalone and in combination with 1× 106 spores/ml of C. nigrum to leverage on their synergistic effect against second stage juveniles (J2s) of RKNs. One milliliter of each concentration of Lantana extract and or 1 ml of 1× 106 spores/ml of C. nigrum were pipetted into sterile eppendorf tubes containing 1 ml of 50 J2s. The control treatment contained 50 J2s in 1 ml of sterile distilled water. Data was analyzed using Anova SAS software version 9.2. Lantana leaf extract (100 %) alone caused highest significant (P≤0.05) mortalities of 89 and 91 % J2s at 72 hours in experiment I and II, respectively, while the same concentration in combination with C. nigrum had 81 and 83% mortalities of J2s at 72 hours in both tests, respectively. Colletotrichum nigrum alone had 88 and 89 % mortalities at 72 hours relative to control. Lantana leaf extract and C. nigrum may be used singly or in combination in the RKN management to increase agricultural productivity