Browsing by Author "Wanyoro, Anthony"

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    Clinical Phenotypes Associated With Preterm Births at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu County, Kenya
    (IJCAB Publishing Group, 2019) Juma, Edwin Omondi; Keraka, Margaret; Wanyoro, Anthony
    Preterm birth is a global health problem. It is the leading cause of child and neonatal mortality globally including Kenya. Preterm birth is the birth occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation. In Kenya, preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality as it contributes to 35% of deaths among the neonates while Kisumu County is among the county’s leading with child under-five mortality rate at 133 deaths per 1000 live births. The main objective of this study was to identify the clinical phenotypes associated with preterm birth in JOOTRH in Kisumu County. It was a cross sectional study based on women who had a preterm birth alive or stillbirth at JOORTH in Kisumu County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 178 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Data was analyzed by computer software SPSS version 23; descriptive statistics was used together with inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test) to help in the identification of the statistical significance of any association between the variables. A p value of < 0.05 was used. Bivariate analysis was utilized to measure the strength of associations. Data presented by use of frequency tables and narrative description. Ethical clearance was sought from Kenyatta University Ethics and Review Committee, permit sought from NACOSTI, consent and assent from the respondents. Results showed that maternal age (p=0.011) to be statistical significant with preterm births. Clinical phenotypes based on maternal, fetal and placental conditions; preeclampsia/eclampsia (p=0.016), extrauterine infections which includes malaria, UTI and HIV (p=0.030), severe maternal conditions that includes DM, anaemia, cardiac disease, hypertension prior to pregnancy and TB (p=0.001), multiple gestations (p=0.013), fetal anomaly (0.048), IUGR (p=0.049), antepartum stillbirth (p=0.046) and APH/early bleeding that include placenta previa and placenta abruption (p=0.025) were all significantly associated with preterm births. On bivariate analysis between clinical phenotypes and preterm births, all except multiple gestation (p=0.416) and APH (p=0.660) remained statistically significant. All clinical phenotypes (maternal, fetal and placental conditions) were significantly associated with preterm births. All clinical phenotypes except multiple gestations and APH/early bleeding remained statistically significant after bivariate analysis. The study recommends the use of Barro’s classifications system of clinical phenotypes to phenotype all preterm births in JOOTRH. Early identification of maternal, fetal and placental conditions identified in this study to be associated with preterm births by adopting Barros’ phenotyping of preterm births as a strategy to help prevent the occurrence of PTBs and eventually reduce neonatal deaths and under-five mortality.
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    Impact of Community Strategy Package on Uptake of Reproductive Tract Infections Health Services Among Young Street Females in the Municipality of Eldoret, Kenya
    (Elsevier, 2023) Wanyoro, Anthony; Maingi, John; Nyamari, Jackim; Ng'ang'a, Murima; Maritim, C Violet
    Background: Despite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in Eldoret municipality, health care service of young street females (YSFs) is still deficient. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections (RTI) health services among the target population. Materials and methods: A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10–24 years. The study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the respondents. Results: The study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in Eldoret municipality. A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package (97.1%) when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase (51.0%)(p＜0.001). Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention; 72.0% and 94.1% of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase, respectively (p ¼ 0.011). Conclusion: The study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females
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    Moringa oleifera has the Potential to Manage HIV-1 and May Enhance the Efficacy of ARVs in Suppressing Viral Loads in HIV/AIDS Patients
    (IRJPMS, 2024) Wasonga, Wilbroda; Wanyoro, Anthony; Kigondu, Mumbi Elizabeth; Gicheru, Muita Michael
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is managed by expensive ARVs, which also have side effects, and lead to drug resistance and failure. The use of nutritional remedies in managing HIV/AIDS is becoming popular. Moringa oleifera is a nutrient-dense plant with medicinal properties resulting from its wide range of biological activities. This study investigated the beneficial effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation on the viral loads of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). A Quasi-Experiment of the regression discontinuity type was conducted at the Comprehensive Care Center, Mbagathi County Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. We recruited 173 HIV seropositive participants undergoing ARV treatment and attending a regular HIV management clinic. The participants were allocated to the intervention group supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf powder or the control group, which was not supplemented. The HIV-1 viral load measurements were assessed at the end of the third month and the sixth month of the study period. Analysis was then done to compare the two groups. The study observed that the percentage of participants with non-detectable viral load in the intervention group increased by 7.23%. In comparison, that of the control group decreased by 10.29% by the end of the study period. The study concluded that M. oleifera has the potential to inhibit HIV-1 and may enhance the efficacy of ARVs in suppressing viral loads in HIV/AIDS patients.
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    Skin reflectance changes in Kenyan neonates during the first month of life: an observational study
    (Nature, 2025-05) Bokser, Seth; Koech, Priscillah; Bosuben, Hillary; Gaichiumia, Anne; Miwa, Atsushi; Wanyoro, Anthony
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    Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV Positive Women in Comprehensive Care Centres in Nairobi, Kenya
    (Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2017) Lukorito, Judith; Wanyoro, Anthony; Kimani, Harun
    Although cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in low resource settings, uptake of cancer screening services in health facilities is low. Persistent Human Papilloma Virus (Hr-HPV) infection increase risk of invasive cancerous lesion thus screening services have been incorporated into routine care of all HIV positive women. The objective of the study was to determine factors that affect uptake of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women in Dagoretti, Nairobi County. A descriptive, cross-sectional facility-based survey of HIV positive women in Dagoretti clinics was conducted. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Out of the interviewed respondents, 19% had screened for cervical cancer. Most of those who had never screened (44%) feared undressing before a health care provider. High proportion of women (72%) had good knowledge levels of cervical cancer screening. Women with higher level of education (p=0.02), those aged above 45 years (p<0.01), those with current circumcised partner (p<0.01) and those currently employed (p<0.01) had better knowledge on screening services compared to other women. Women aged 45 years and above were 2 times more likely to have been screened (OR 2.1; 1.1-3.9; P=0.021) than the younger ones. Findings of this study demonstrated that higher knowledge levels was associated with increased uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive women and thus effort to improve the knowledge on cancer screening can lead to higher uptake of the services.