Browsing by Author "Wachira, Marion Wangari"

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    Non- State Actors’ and Conflict Transformation in Kenya: A Case of Election Related Violence (1992-2018)
    (Kenyatta University, 2024-05) Wachira, Marion Wangari
    Following the conclusion of the Cold War, non-state actors (NSAs) gained global prominence and fundamentally altered electoral disputes. With the advent of African democratization in the 1990s, elections became a crucial aspect of governance. However, the emergence of conflicts and fragmented coalitions has potentially led to instability on the African continent. This study aims to achieve the following objectives: analyze the dynamics of election-related conflicts in Kenya (1992 and 2018); assess the conflict transformation initiatives of non-state actors in Kenya's electoral violence (1992–2018); and analyze the challenges faced by non-state actors in transforming post-election violence in Kenya (1992–2018). The study is grounded in conflict transformation theory and employs a descriptive research design. Thematic literature review was conducted. Purposive sampling and snowball techniques were utilized to select civil society organizations, academic and research institutions, religious groups, community-based organizations, media and communications channels, and international organizations, resulting in a sample size of 190 respondents. Questionnaires were used, and key informants (KIs) were interviewed using structured schedules to collect data. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study findings reveal that Kenya has experienced intermittent electoral conflict since the reintroduction of multi-party politics in 1992. Non-state actors have actively engaged in the transformation of Kenya's electoral violence (1992–2018), despite the challenges they encountered. The study recommends, among other things, that the Kenyan government and other stakeholders adopt a comprehensive approach to address the root causes of violent election conflicts in order to prevent their recurrence in the future. Policy and legislative measures should be implemented by the Kenyan government to sustain the peacebuilding efforts of non-state actors, integrating such measures into the state's conflict transformation processes.