Browsing by Author "Orago, Alloys"

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    Effect of Comprehensive HIV Prevention Information Package on Number of Concurrent Sexual Partners Among Youth in Kenya
    (Science Publishing Group, 2025-07) Khasewa,Joab; Mwanzo, Isaac; Orago, Alloys
    HIV remains the most significant public health and development challenge in the world. In sub-Saharan African countries, young people aged 15-24 years are bearing the biggest brunt. The United Nations framework for addressing the epidemic among young people who bear the high burden of HIV globally calls for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. Despite the availability of widening array of HIV prevention tools and methods, new infections among youth in Kenya only reduced by 59% between 2015 and 2019. The percentage of young men aged 15-24 years who had two or more sexual partners who reported using condoms during the last sexual intercourse was higher at 63.5% compared to young women of the same age group at 35.5%. Various HIV prevention interventions have been implemented among the Young People with little assessment of their effectiveness in reducing new HIV infections. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of comprehensive HIV prevention information package on number of concurrent sexual partners among young people aged 15-24 years in Kakamega and Kericho counties, Kenya. To achieve this, a non-randomised control trial was conducted using a structured questionnaire. It involved purposively selecting Kakamega as intervention and Kericho as Comparison County. Consenting young people residing in these counties were the study subjects. The pretest questionnaire was administered in both intervention and control counties in November - December, 2021. The posttest questionnaire was administered in both counties after nine months of providing HIV prevention information package in the intervention county. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square, t-test). The number of youths who had two or more sexual partners reduced at endline to 17.6% from 23.7% in intervention county. Similar reduction was also noted in comparison County, where the number reduced to 36.6% at endline from 61.1% but was not significant (t = 2.197, df=2, P = 0.159). There was significant number of male youth in intervention county who had two or more concurrent sexual partners at 13.7% compared to female at 6.4%(P=0.003). Concurrent partnership by gender among youth in comparison county was higher among men at 32.4% compared to female at 11.4% but was not significant (0.091). The findings from the study will inform national rollout of the HIV prevention information package to contribute to safer sexual behaviors among young people.
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    Predictors of AIDS-defining and Non-AIDS-defining Cancers Among PLHIV Accessing Services in Selected Hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya
    (Science Publishing Group, 2025-12) Omollo, Peter Onyango; Orago, Alloys; Mwanzo, Isaac
    Human infection with HIV compromises the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight viral infections that may promote the development of certain types of cancers. The diagnosis of AIDS-defining cancers in PLHIV indicates the progression of an HIV infection to the AIDS stage. Non-AIDS-defining cancers occur in HIV-positive individuals without necessarily being caused or exacerbated by HIV infection. WHO estimates that 39.9 million are PLHIV, whereas 42.3 million lives have been lost to HIV. Kenya’s HIV prevalence was 3.3% and in Nairobi, 4.3%. NCD mortalities in Kenya were 39%, including cancers, up from 27% and HIV remains a major risk factor. This study’s main purpose was to identify the predictors of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers among PLHIV accessing services in selected hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. An analytical cross-sectional design was used. Study sites were purposively selected, whereas a simple random method was used to select 406 adults, aged 18 years and above, HIV positive and on ART. The study was conducted in seven selected facilities in Nairobi County. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, whereas qualitative data were obtained from seven key informant interviews and three focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics (percentages, graphs, and charts) and inferential statistics (chi-square and logistic regression models) were performed using SPSS v. 27. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and grouped into themes. AIDS-defining cancers were the most prevalent (74.6%) among PLHIV accessing services in the selected hospitals. A Pearson’s Chi-square (X2) test revealed that socio-demographic characteristics such as sex (p = 0.00), age in years (45-54 for AIDS-defining cancer and 65 and above for Non-AIDS-defining cancers) (p = 0.00), marital status (married and widowers for ADC and NADC, p = 0.02) and level of education (secondary and ‘other’ for ADC and NADC respectively; p = 0.005) were associated with the type of cancer development among people living with HIV. A binary logistic regression model found that age (χ2(5) = 14.96, p = 0.011), income level (X2 (5) = 9.96; p = 0.076), history of cigarette smoking (B = 1.53; p = 0.001; OR = 4.638; 95% CI: 2.28 – 9.42), alcohol consumption (B = 0.295; p = 0.356), family history of cancers (B = 1.04; p = 0.001; OR = 2.827; 95% CI: 1.61 – 4.97), were statistically associated with AIDS and non-AIDS-defining cancers. These findings will help formulate programmatic and policy interventions for ADC and NADC among PLHIV