Browsing by Author "Opanda,Silvanos"

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    Molecular Analysis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Group B Strains Isolated in Kenya Before and During the Emergence of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2025-02) Wangui,Julia; Gachara, George; Mobegi,Victor; Agoti, Charles; Otieno,James; Opanda,Silvanos; Opot,Benjamin; Ngeranwa,Joseph N.; Njeru,Regina; Bulimo,Wallace
    Background: We conducted a retrospective study to explore molecular insights into human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) group B strains among patients attending outpatient clinics at government medical facilities both prior and during the onset of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 pandemic outbreak. Methods: We screened 2300 nasopharyngeal swabs using multiplex real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We amplified a segment of the first and second hypervariable regions, as well as the conserved portion of the third domain of the G-gene using HRSV-B specific primers, sequenced by Sanger di-deoxy chain termination method and thereafter analyzed the sequences. Results: We characterized the circulating strains into three known genotypes: SAB4 (1.4%), BA7 (1.4%), and multiple variants of BA9 (97.2%). The majority of BA9 viruses were uniquely Kenyan with only 4% aligning with BA9 lineages found elsewhere. The mean evolutionary rate of the HRSV-B was estimated to be 3.08×10−3 substitutions per site per year. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the circulating HRSV-B viruses in Kenya underwent a slower evolution during the pe riod of 2007–2010. Additionally, our findings reveal the existence of a unique lineage as well as new variants that have not been reported elsewhere to date.