Browsing by Author "Odhiambo, Antony Benard Kodiwo"

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    Strategic Entrepreneurship and Commercialization of Agri-Biotechnology Crop Innovations in Selected Organizations in Nairobi City County, Keny
    (Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Odhiambo, Antony Benard Kodiwo
    Commercialization is the process of translating ideas into product development using technology to release the products into the market. Despite the huge potential presented by Agri-biotechnology crop innovations, there has been limited commercialization of these innovations in the Kenyan market. The government has taken several steps to support the growth of Agri-biotechnology crop research and development. The Kenya National Biotechnology Development Policy was developed in 2006, and the National Biotechnology Authority has been set up to regulate biotechnology products. Despite an active pipeline of Agri-biotechnology crop innovations seeking regulatory approval, Bt cotton remains the only product approved for commercial cultivation and human use since 2019. The industry players have not been able to translate their Agri-biotechnology crop research and development into products in the market. Therefore, this study sought to investigate how strategic entrepreneurship can influence the commercialization of Agri-biotechnology crop innovations in selected organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effects of entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial culture, strategic entrepreneurial leadership, and strategic resource management on the commercialization of Agri-biotechnology crop innovations in selected organizations in Nairobi City County. The study was founded on four theories: Technology Commercialization Theory, Strategic Entrepreneurship Theory, Knowledge Spillover Theory, and Theory of Traditional Agriculture. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population was 15 organizations involved in Agri-biotechnology research and development in Nairobi City County, as identified from the National Biosafety Authority website. Proportionate stratified and random sampling techniques were used. Data was collected from 46 scientists distributed among the three strata. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from the respondents. Construct validity of the data collection instrument was tested through a pilot study of two organizations from two different strata. Advice was sought from the supervisor on the validity of the questionnaire. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.898, hence acceptable. The data was coded, categorized, and then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using SPSS version 30. The results demonstrated that strategic entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial culture, strategic entrepreneurial leadership, and strategic resource management all had a positive and statistically significant effect on the commercialization of Agri-biotechnology crop innovations. The qualitative data identified bureaucracy, funding gaps, knowledge gaps, regulatory barriers, poor public perception, and market access barriers as the significant challenges hindering the practical commercialization of Agri-biotechnology crop innovations. The study concluded that strategic entrepreneurial practices can enhance the commercialization of crop innovations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study recommended that organizations include strategic entrepreneurial practices in their strategic plans to enhance the commercialization of their research outputs. It also recommended that private organizations pursue strategic partnerships to strengthen their capacity and that the government allocate additional budgetary resources to support Agri-biotechnology research