Browsing by Author "Nzai, Charles"

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    An econometric analysis of effect of poverty on health status in Kenya
    (Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2018) Musyoka, Peter K.; Omolo, Jacob; Korir, Julius; Nzai, Charles
    One of the most important social-goal world-over is the achievement of good health. This is because, apart from been a fundamental right, it is also an invaluable asset and a prerequisite for improved productivity. However, the benefits associated with good health status may not be enjoyed in the presence of high poverty rates. Thus, poverty reduction is important in ensuring enjoyment of good health. In Kenya, despite the government’s effort to reduce poverty and improve health status of her citizens, poverty has remained high and health indicators have not been impressive either. This paper,therefore, sought to establish the effect of poverty on health status in Kenya. The study used Ordered Probit and the 2013 Kenya Household Expenditure and Utilization Survey dataset to achieve its objective. Estimation results indicate poverty reduction increased the probability of reporting own health as being very good and reduced that of reporting poor health,ceteris paribus. Increase in household size by one member increased the likelihood of reporting own health as being poor other factors held constant. A one year increase in age increased the probability of reporting poor health and reduced that of reporting very good health holding other factors constant. The probability of urban residents reporting own health as being poor was higher than their rural counterparts ceteris paribus. Being employed increased the probability of reporting own health as being very good compared to being unemployed other factors held constant. The study based on the findings concludes that poverty decreases the probability of reporting good health and, therefore, it is important for the government to formulate and implement policies that reduce or eradicate poverty.
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    Effect of Road Infrastructure on Selected Economic Development Indicators in Kenya
    (East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2025-05) Njihia, Dennis Kiiru; Nzai, Charles
    Kenya, as a developing nation, has been making significant investments in infrastructure projects, including roads, railways, ports, and energy, in recent years. Such infrastructure development is expected to have far - reaching implications for various sect ors of the economy. Efficient and reliable infrastructure networks are crucial for facilitating trade, attracting investments, improving connectivity, reducing transaction costs, and promoting economic activities. However, while there is a general understa nding of the importance of infrastructure, it is essential to conduct a focused study to examine the specific effects and outcomes of infrastructure development in Kenya. The study was anchored by Solow neoclassical growth theory. A longitudinal research d esign was adopted. The study utilized time series secondary data from 1991 to 2021 on an annual basis. The data was obtained from the World Bank and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Empirically, the study developed a transport - growth model that is an extension of Solow (1956) neoclassical growth function and estimate the model with time series data of Kenya. The study adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger causality approach as the technique for testing the study relationshi ps. Diagnostic tests such as normality, Multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation was conducted to ensure that the assumptions of regression analysis are not violated. Ethical considerations was adhered to by obtaining permit from NACOSTI, Kenyatta university graduate school and the permission from the ethical committee. The short run effect were analysed using ECM informed by the positive cointegration status of the variables all the models. Road infrastructure, labour participation and ins titution quality index significantly affected economic growth. However, technological growth has insignificant effect on economic growth. It can be concluded that, based on empirical results technological progress has not been fully utilised to generate ec onomic growth. It is also important to point out that the creation of a conducive environment, particularly innovation and technological space enhances economic growth. This can be attained by having a tax haven for the inaugural innovators to sustain their motivation. Strong institutions are defined by adherence to the rule of law and conformity to