Browsing by Author "Nyamari, Jackim"

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    Adherence To Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment In Murang’a County, Kenya
    (International Journal of Current Aspects, 2020) Gitonga, Charles Muthui; Nyamari, Jackim; Mugo, Judy
    Non-adherence to Tuberculosis treatment is a major barrier for TB control programs because incomplete treatment may result in prolonged infectiousness, drug resistance, relapse and death. Successful treatment of TB involves taking anti TB drugs for at least six months as per the doctors advise. Currently, Tuberculosis has become a resurgent public Health problem in developing countries and is the leading cause of death from any single infectious agent. The purpose of the study was to identify factors contributing to non-adherence to TB treatment amongst pulmonary TB patients in Maragua Sub-County of Murang’a County. The objectives included were to determine the social-economic related, healthcare-related, patient-related and disease and medicine related factors associated with non-adherence of TB treatment amongst patients in Murang’a County. The study was guided by the Health Belief model as the theoretical framework. A cross-sectional survey study design was used. Census method was used and all 270 people were considered. Data was collected using a mixed method approach of interview guides, questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. A total of 270 adult Pulmonary TB patients, amongst whom 59 (47%) were adherents and 67(53%) non adherents with TB treatment, who received treatment in 2017 and had completed treatment, Community Health workers, and Health Personnel in the TB clinic participated in the study. Data was entered to EPI INFO version 3.5.3 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Multiple logistic regressions was used to identify associations and to control potential confounding variables. Chi Square was used to test independence of categorical variables with p value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval being considered significant. Data presentation was done using figures and tables. From the results of the study only the distance taken to collect drugs in the health facility was found to be associated with non-adherence to TB treatment (n=9 ,13%). The study recommends that measures should be undertaken so as to reduce the non-adherence level to TB treatment by ensuring anti-Tb treatment is accessible to patients at the nearest Health facility from their residence. Additionally, the study proposes that the patients should be sensitized on the importance of adherence to TB drug mediction. Interventions with Health promotion initiatives emphasizing the benefits of treatment adherence should be enhanced in the communities by further large scale multicentred studies and that an enabling environment which is conducive for good patient interactions should be created. The study concludes that there are challenges facing adherence of TB treatment which ought to be addressed. The study, suggests that measures to improve drug adherence such as improving health conditions, increasing the availability of drugs and conducting health educations to the patients is essential in minimizing the drug non-adherence to TB drugs.
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    Associated factors with Puerperal Sepsis among Reproductive Age Women in Nandi County, Kenya
    (Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2017) Chepchirchir, Maritim Violet; Nyamari, Jackim; Keraka, Margaret
    Background & aim: Studies have shown that puerperal sepsis is a major cause of maternal morbidity and the second cause of maternal mortality in the developing world. This study aimed to determine the incidence and management of puerperal sepsis among the women of reproductive age (i.e., 15-49 years) attending to two hospitals in Nandi County, Kenya. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 women who were diagnosed with puerperal sepsis and referred to two hospitals in Nandi County. Four health care providers in charge of these patients were also included in the study. The sampling was performed using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured interview administered by the researcher. Data analysis was performed through SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, there was a statistically significant relationship between antenatal care attendance and labor duration (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.80). The mothers who had a short labor were 0.35 times more likely to have attended health care facilities to receive antenatal care as compared to those with a long labor. In addition, the food availability showed a significant relationship with duration of labor (OR=5, 95% CI: 1.8-14.28). The mothers with adequate food were five times more likely to experience a short labor compared to those with food shortage. The results also revealed that there was a lack of knowledge on the etiology of infection in the area under investigation. Moreover, the health care facilities were short of the adequate prerequisites to perform puerperal sepsis awareness both in the clinics and community. Conclusion: The findings of the present study underscored the necessity of supplying funds by the Ministry of Health to raise the individuals’ awareness on puerperal sepsis and provide them with hygiene education in the investigated area. The integration of hygiene education and puerperal sepsis awareness into antenatal care services should be performed as a strategy to prevent and control the infection.
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    Factors that Influence Sexual Reproductive Health Knowledge among Adolescent Girls with Disabilities in Kiambu County
    (frican Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 2023) Kimani, Eunice W.; Nyamari, Jackim; Nyamu, Florence
    Background/Aims Problems related to sexual health can have adverse effects on the overall health of adolescent girls, including those living with a physical disability. Improving sexual and reproductive health knowledge among this population can enable them to make informed decisions in relation to their sexual health. However, the sociodemographic characteristics that influence knowledge in this population have not been explored. This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of adolescent girls living with physical disabilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted among 144 purposively selected adolescent girls aged 10–19 years old living with physical disabilities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and their sexual and reproductive health knowledge. Odds ratios and logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results One in five (20.8%) of the participants had already had a sexual experience, and only 24.3% of participants had good sexual and reproductive health knowledge. The majority of the participants (54.9%) had low socioeconomic status, which was the only factor significantly associated with level of knowledge (odds ratio=4.91, P=0.021). Conclusions Socioeconomic status is a major determinant of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among adolescent girls living with disabilities. Measures must be put in place to economically empower the families of these girls, to facilitate improved knowledge and thus ensure their sexual health and wellbeing. Implications for practice Education interventions are needed that are tailored to adolescent girls living with disabilities to promote reproductive health in this population.
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    Impact of Community Strategy Package on Uptake of Reproductive Tract Infections Health Services Among Young Street Females in the Municipality of Eldoret, Kenya
    (Elsevier, 2023) Wanyoro, Anthony; Maingi, John; Nyamari, Jackim; Ng'ang'a, Murima; Maritim, C Violet
    Background: Despite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in Eldoret municipality, health care service of young street females (YSFs) is still deficient. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections (RTI) health services among the target population. Materials and methods: A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10–24 years. The study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the respondents. Results: The study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in Eldoret municipality. A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package (97.1%) when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase (51.0%)(p＜0.001). Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention; 72.0% and 94.1% of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase, respectively (p ¼ 0.011). Conclusion: The study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females
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    Levels of ionizing radiations in selected quarries in Nyamira County, Kenya
    (Elsevier, 2020) Makori, Kerubo Ruth; Warutere, Peterson Njogu; Nyamari, Jackim; Arika, Wycliffe
    It has been shown through a survey by World Health Organization and International Commission on Radiological Protection that certain materials (stones) sourced from quarries and used for the building are radioactive. In Kenya, underground stones which are sourced from embedded rocks are used in construction of most of the permanent buildings, yet Kenya has not adequately radio-profiled sources of building materials to determine whether the construction materials contain radionuclides that emit ionizing radiations yet are used for building. Consequently, Kenyans could be at risk of exposure to high levels of ionizing radiations by living in stone houses that are not radio-profiled. Health problems arise due to subjection to ionizing radiations. The study determined the levels of ionizing radiations in sampled quarries in Nyamira County by using Radiological survey dosimeters to show the radiation readings in milliRoentgen/hr then converted to milliSievert per year and the Global Positioning System device took note of the quarries' geographical positions. The study used Minitab version 17.0 software to establish the statistical differences of degree of exposure in sampled quarries. The sample size for the study was 40 quarries. It was revealed that Q-073 and Q-075 both had the lowest radiation readings of 0.64mSv while Q-079 had the highest reading of 3.46mSv equal to a deviation from WHO approved threshold of -35.71%,- 36.29% and 245.7%, respectively. The results indicated that 89% of the sampled quarries had radiation emissions above the ICRP and WHO standard. However, within Borabu Sub County, only 5 and within Manga Sub-County 4 of the sampled quarries had radiation readings below ICRP and WHO recommended standards of 1mSv/yr. It was exhibited from the study results that there are higher levels of ionizing radiations in quarries going past recommended standards per year hence causing health risk to quarry workers and general public. Therefore, these results could guide in formation of the national construction policies by including regular surveying for the levels of ionizing radiation in building materials as well as in practicing appropriate mitigation strategies.
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    Nurses’ Perception on Healthcare Services Quality in Mission Hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
    (AJOL, 2019-02) Miriti, Kenneth; Yitambe, Andre; Nyamari, Jackim; Koome, Gilbert
    BACKGROUND Despite adoption of quality improvement initiatives in Kenyan Health facilities, quality gains are not yet optimal in both public and private sector. The private sector, which includes mission hospitals, face myriad of challenges ranging from perception of poor regulation to unqualified staff and gaps in quality of care. PURPOSE To assess nurses’ perception on healthcare services' quality in mission hospitals in Kenya. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Simple random sampling was used to select 188 nurses for administration of selfadministered questionnaire. A total of 20 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used to analyze quantitative data using SPSS v20. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically using Nvivo v11. RESULTS Overall nurses' perception of quality of services was 3.62. The perceived quality of services processes was 3.5187. Length of patient-provider interaction (β=0.225, t=4.761, p=0.001), teamwork (β=0.170, t=3.550, p=0.001), upholding patients’ rights (β=0.178, t=3.773, p=0.001), capacity to conduct quality assessment (β =0.125, t=2.510, 0.013) and availability of effective quality improvement teams (β=0.550, t=12.556, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Nurses' perceived quality of services to be fair with a substantial room for improvement. To achieve a competitive edge, it is imperative for the hospital's management to engage visionary and quality conscious leaders, capable of identifying quality gaps and implementing improvement initiatives. The initiatives should focus on institutionalizing team-based quality audits, developing a quality patient-focused culture in service delivery.