Browsing by Author "Mwangi, Judy W."

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    Personnel Reforms and Performance in Law Enforcement among Directorate of Criminal Investigations Officers in Kenya: The Moderating Effect of Technology
    (astern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2025-07) Ong’ale, Margaret Awino; Sirera, MereciaAnne Musundi; Mwangi, Judy W.
    Policing is vital to a society’s criminal justice system, ensuring law and order, crime prevention, and public safety while protecting citizens’ rights. In Kenya, the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) faces challenges in balancing these duties. This study examines how personnel reforms affect DCI officers’ performance, grounded in Peelian Principles. Using a mixed-method approach, it collected quantitative data via Likert-scale questionnaires from 5,383 DCI officers across eight regions, analysing performance impacts with SPSS for objective, generalisable results. Qualitative data from open-ended interviews provided deeper insights into experiences and challenges. The sample included 384 respondents (230 DCI officers, 154 civil society representatives and Nyumba Kumi), selected through multistage sampling. Data collecting involved questionnaires, interviews with Regional Criminal Investigations Officers, and focus groups with civil society. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative findings were thematically analysed, offering a comprehensive view of reform effects on DCI performance. The study found that police reforms in Kenya focused on facilities, remuneration, and deployment. DCI performance improved due to ongoing fair recruitment reforms. Crucially, the analysis revealed that while personnel reforms independently influence performance (ẞ= 0.429, p = 0.000), their effect is significantly enhanced when complemented by technological reforms (ẞ= 0.245, p = 0.000). To improve DCI effectiveness, the government should equitably upgrade facilities nationwide, invest in digital tools for emerging crimes, and institutionalise regular infrastructure audits. Simultaneously, competitive, inclusive remuneration and transparent, skill-based deployment, guided by officer feedback and supported by trained supervisors, are essential for morale, trust, and performance.
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    The Influence of Private Security Companies’ Infrastructure on the Provision of Services for NGOs in Juba City, South Sudan.
    (African Quarterly Social Science Review, 2024-11-20) John, Madrama James; Mwangi, Judy W.
    The protection of the public and their property is a significant global concern. Security issues are an inherent aspect of human habitation, and the safety of individuals and their belongings has consistently been of paramount importance across cultures,regardless of their level of development. This holds true whether the culture in question is relatively simple or complex. In South Sudan, numerous private security firms are operating; however, attacks and looting of NGO facilities in Juba City have continued unabated. The rationale of this research is to assess the factors that disrupt the performance of private security companies in providing security services to NGOs in Juba City. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of private security firms' infrastructure on their performance concerning NGOs .The research was supported through the two theories namely resources-based theory and expectancy theory.The target population was 500 employees and sample size included 222 respondents, and the study employed a descriptive research design. The research was guided using interviews and questionnaires for data collection or gathering. Respondents were selected using systematic random sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 statistical software, with results presented intabular form for clarity. The findings from this study aim to inform NGOsdecision-making in implementing security measures that mitigate risks while protecting operations within limited resources. It also seeks to foster cooperation and improve securityarrangements among humanitarian sectors. Ultimately, the findings will guide policy development and establish guidelines to enhance effectiveness and accountability in conflict zones. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between private security infrastructures and the provision of security services within Juba City. This is evidenced by small p-values, less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance. The study recommends that private security companies in Juba prioritize investment in advanced security infrastructure—such as CCTV cameras, mobile patrol vehicles, security dogs, and forensic systems—to enhance the security of NGO offices and facilities. Additionally, involving staff in decision-making processes and providing leadership and management training is essential to ensure operational integrity and reliability.