Browsing by Author "Musili, Phelista Marura"

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    Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gang Participation Among Youth in Mombasa County, Kenya: From the Perspective of Household Challenges
    (EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers, 2024-10) Hussein, Salma Ahmed; Musili, Phelista Marura
    Purpose: Gang participation has become a universal phenomenon attracting increasing attention in both developed and developing countries. Previous research denotes strong evidence that early life adverse traumas and events heighten the risk of delinquent behaviour among young people. This study aimed to find out whether there is a relationship between household challenges and gang participation among youth gang members in Mombasa County. This study was guided by the Interactional Theory by Terrence Thornberry (1987). Methods: This study employed a correlational research design within the context of Ex-post facto research. The study population consisted of alleged, convicted, and reforming gang members in Mombasa. They were drawn from a database accessed by the Nyali District Peace Committee (DPC) which has 358 members aged between 15-31 years. Purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to gather data from the sample. Descriptive statistics namely, frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency were used. Inferential statistics namely the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, linear, and regression was then employed to establish the relationship between household challenges and gang participation. Results: The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between gang participation and household challenges (r = 0.876, p < 0.01). Implication: The findings of this study will guide the formulation of programs and interventions for the rehabilitation and reintegration of these gang members. These can be of help to Civil Society Organizations, law enforcement agencies, and probation officers.
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    Relationship between Selected Personal Attributes and Occurrence of Vicarious Trauma among Staff in Hospices in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2016-05) Musili, Phelista Marura
    Vicarious trauma is increasingly recognized as a global phenomenon which affects populations that are directly involved with suffering patients as is the case with staff in hospice settings. Hospice caregivers are constantly exposed to agonizing stories of trauma from patients and their families. This can trigger reactions in the caregiver similar to those experienced by the clients. Research findings indicate that there is a variation in the way caregivers react to vicarious trauma (VT). However, the few studies that have attempted to look at personal attributes that can put hospice caregivers at risk of developing VT have yielded equivocal results. Furthermore, some studies focused entirely on medics leaving out the other staff members who also could be at risk for VT. The current study therefore, aimed to determine the relationship between selected personal attributes namely: age, level of education, work experience, gender, personal trauma history, level of empathy; and occurrence of VT among hospice workers. Constructivist Self Development Theory (CSDT) guided the study. The study utilized a correlational research design. The study targeted all the 120 members of staff in the 21 hospices in Kenya. Random stratified sampling was used to select a total of ten hospices. The study sample comprised 70 members of staff (male and female) in the sampled hospices. Data was collected using four structured self-report tools namely: Brief Trauma History Tool, Vicarious Trauma Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index as well as an open-ended instrument. A demographic questionnaire was also included. Data was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Correlations between selected personal attributes and occurrence of VT were done. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze parametric data while chi square was used to test non-parametric data. The study findings revealed a prevalence rate of 67% of VT among hospice workers. Some of the personal attributes namely age, level of empathy and personal history of trauma bad a significant positive relationship with the occurrence of VT [age: 1'(70) =.256, p=.032; personal trauma history: r(70)=.275, p=.021; level of empathy: r(70)=.256, p=.032]. Other demographic variables including: gender, level of education, occupation and years of work experience were found to have no significant correlation with the occurrence of VT. Based on CSDT the study concluded that the self which is the seat of personality regulates the individual's experience of trauma. The findings showed that vicarious trauma is a real threat to care givers working in hospices. The study recommended that there is need to educate caregivers about the existence and possible risk factors of vicarious trauma. It further recommended that, sound organizational interventions, prevention and psychosocial support programmes need to be developed to empower the caregivers so that they can enhance their self capacities, as well as the wellbeing of the organization as a whole. These findings may guide the development of appropriate preventive strategies and interventions that target risks for development of VT.
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    Vicarious Traumatization among Professional Caregivers and Support Staff in Selected Hospices in Kenya
    (isij.in, 2016) Musili, Phelista Marura; Sirera, Ann Merecia; Kathungu, Beatrice M.
    Hospice workers are constantly exposed to the trauma experienced by the clients they interact with daily in their work settings. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of vicarious trauma (VT) among the hospice caregivers in selected hospices in Kenya. A tool adapted from Vicarious Trauma Scale was utilized to assess prevalence and levels of vicarious trauma among the participants. A brief questionnaire was also was used to obtain demographic information of the participants. A total of 70 male and female staff in the various occupations and positions within the hospices were included in the study. Data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed a VT prevalence rate of 67% among hospice workers. The findings showed that vicarious trauma is a real threat to care givers working in hospices. The study recommended that there is need to educate caregivers about the existence and possible risk factors of vicarious trauma. These findings offer valuable information for developing staff competencies in the workplace and ensure appropriate intervention as well as practitioner support programs.