Browsing by Author "Menza, Nelson"

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    Assessment of electrolyte imbalance among benign prostate hyperplasia patients in Western Kenya
    (International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2023) Ongong’a, Royronald O.; Menza, Nelson; Demba, Rodgers N.
    Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) results in the enlargement of the gland and ultimately obstructs the bladder and the kidney. The effect on the kidney results in the dysregulation of the electrolyte causing electrolyte imbalance. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital aimed at assessing the levels and severity of electrolyte imbalance among BPH patients. The blood samples were analyzed for electrolytes and PSA levels for both patients and control group. An Independent t-test was used to compare the means of the BPH patients and healthy control subjects. Chi-square was used to determine the association between the electrolyte imbalance and the PSA levels of the BPH patients. Results: The mean age of the BPH patients and the healthy individuals was 65.47±12.55 and 64.52±12.19 years respectively. Hyponatremia, and hypernatremia were observed in 26.08% (n=104) and 4.22% (n=8) of the BPH patients respectively. There was a statistical significance positive correlation between potassium (K) and sodium (Na) concentrations (r=0.350, p<0.01) as well as a notable positive association between chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) levels (r=0.288, pp<0.01). PSA biomarker levels varied among the patients. There was a statistical significance (<0.0001*) difference in PSA levels between the BPH patients and the control group. Conclusions: With high prevalence of electrolyte imbalance among BPH patients there is a need to monitor the electrolytes and PSA levels in the management of BPH aiming at restoration of kidney function.
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    Association between transient receptor potential melastatin genotypes and the prostate surface antigen levels in BPH patients
    (International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2024) Ongong’a, Royronald Ochieng; Menza, Nelson; Demba, Rodgers Norman
    Background: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition among older males, characterized by an enlarged prostate gland leading to lower urinary tract symptoms and impacting quality of life. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) genes regulate various physiological processes. Methods: We studied 194 BPH patients and 194 healthy controls, genotyping six selected TRPM gene SNPs. PSA levels were measured using the Cobas® e411 analyzer. Results: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were significantly higher in BPH patients (135.76±578.03 ng/mL) than in controls (2.01±1.09 ng/mL). TRPM2 (rs168355) and TRPM7 (rs2362295) genotypes were significantly associated with elevated PSA levels. The TRPM2 GG genotype was associated with decrease in the likelihood of severe PSA levels (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.96, P=0.034), while the TRPM7 CC genotype showed increased odds for severe PSA levels (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-3.56, P=0.041). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a potential link between TRPM gene variants and the severity of prostatic changes reflected in PSA secretions, indicating the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
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    Determination Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacterial Isolates among Reproductive Aged Non-Pregnant Women Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital
    (Open Access Library Journal, 2025-02) Musili, Purity; Muturi, Margaret; Menza, Nelson
    Bacteriuria is commonly found in women and about thirty three percent (33%) of adult women have encountered an incidence of symptomatic cystitis at least once in their life time. In case the uropathogens are unidentified and management undertaken, bacteriuria may cause more dangerous and adversed complications, including nephritis and renal failure. Majority of studies done in Kenya have focused on pregnant women with no documented information available on the sexually active non pregnant women population despite a heightened risk of bacteriuria in this age group. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of bacteriuria, to isolate bacterial pathogens associated with the bacteriuria, and to determine antibiotic susceptibility profile on the isolated bacterial pathogens in sexually active non pregnant women attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross sectional design and random sampling technique. Three hundred and eighty four (384) mid-stream urine samples were collected from reproductive aged non pregnant women of attending Thika Level 5 Hospital between January 2018 to December 2018. The positive samples were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) media and Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using muller hinton agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on the antibiotics recommended for bacteriuria by the Ministry of Health. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test at a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Out of 384 urine samples tested, 311 (81%) samples had significant growth (P = 0.001) and 73 (19%) had no growth (P = 0.056). Bacterial pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (41.48%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (30.55%), Proteus mirabilis (13.85%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.68%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (5.47%). Among the ten antibiotics tested, bacterial isolates were sensitive to Cefuroxime at 93.2% (χ2 = 29.809, P = 0.001) and resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole at 89.7% (χ2 = 62.791, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that, Cefuroxime antibiotic is the drug of choice against bacteriuria and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole antibiotic should not be used in bacteriuria therapy. This study recommended that, since antibiotic resistance among the uropathogens is evolving problem, a routine surveillance to monitor the etiologic agents of bacteriuria and the resistance pattern should be carried out timely to choose the most effective empirical treatment by the physicians. Data obtained from this study is important in appropriate management and treatment of bacteriuria. This will help in proper prescription of the appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of bacteriuria.