Browsing by Author "Malia, Miriam"

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    Determination of the Effects of Applying Variable Pressure Gradient to a Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Flowing Between Plates with Inclined Magnetic Field
    (Kenyatta University, 2018-11) Malia, Miriam
    In this study the effects of applying variable pressure gradient to a MHD fluid flowing between two plates in an inclined magnetic field was carried out. It involved an unsteady hydromagnetic fluid flowing through two plates where the upper plate was porous and moving with a constant velocity in a direction that is contrary to fluid flow direction. The lower plate was non-porous and stationary. In the past years, research studies relating to MHD fluid flow through plates have been done. The information obtained from these studies have been implemented in various industrial systems for instance designing of electromagnetic meters and MHD pumps. However these research studies have been carried out when the pressure gradient was a constant and none when the pressure gradient was a variable, hence the reason why we carried out this investigation. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of applying variable pressure gradient to a MHD flow in inclined magnetic field. Also the outcome of varying Hartmann number, Suction number, Reynolds number and Eckert number on velocity and temperature profiles have been determined. The governing equations used to carry out analysis were continuity equation, Navier stokes equations, electromagnetic equations and energy equations. These equations were then non-dimensionalised. The resulting equations were non-linear thus were solved using the finite difference method. MATLAB software was then inculcated in the resulting equations which were expressed in finite difference form and resulting solutions illustrated graphically. The results obtained showed that the application of a variable pressure gradient in the presence of an inclined magnetic field resulted to an increase in velocity of the fluid and a decrease in the fluid temperature, increasing the suction number decreased the fluid velocity while the temperature increased; increasing Reynold’s number yielded to a reduction in both velocity and temperature profiles; increase in Hartmann number resulted to decrease in velocity and an increase in temperature. These velocity and thermal profiles are important in the dyeing industries and modelling of systems that help in cooling of automobile moving parts
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    Modelling the effects of vaccination and mass-media awareness on the spread of human papillomavirus infections in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Malia, Miriam
    Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus is a collection of more than 40 types of viruses, some of which are linked to several cancers. HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 are accountable for 70% of cervical cancer cause. Besides cervical cancer, HPV has been linked to several cancers such as anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and neck cancer. Mathematical models have been used in the evaluation of control strategies and making of health policies. While some studies may have been done on HPV, majority of them focus on the biological and immunological aspects of the virus. Very few mathematical models have been developed on HPV awareness in Kenya. A model on the effects of mass media awareness on the spread of HPV would be beneficial to cancer managers in coming up with policies that minimize the spread of HPV. In this thesis, we developed two deterministic mathematical models. The first model was on the impact of HPV infection under vaccination. In the second model we looked at HPV infections under vaccination with a mass media awareness campaign that was effective. The equilibrium points of both models are computed and local and global stability analysis is conducted on the reproduction number. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on the model parameters and the results show that the infection contact rate is the crucial parameter that increases HPV while the vaccination rate and rate of treatment parameters help reduce the spread of HPV in the community. The results from the numerical simulations validated the fact that an effective mass media awareness campaigns brought the numbers of HPV infections to equilibrium. Therefore, we conclude that if HPV vaccination and treatment is stressed on and an effective mass media awareness is being carried out then HPV spread in the community will be decreased