Browsing by Author "Kipchumba, Heather"

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    Analysis Pf Policy Deliberative Argumentation Approach for Security Management in Kenya’s Kerio Valley
    (International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025-04) Yegon, Kibet B.; Muna, Wilson; Kipchumba, Heather
    Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of the Argumentation Approach as a deliberative policy framework in enhancing security management in the Kerio Valley, Kenya. The study aimed to assess how the use of structured, critical discussions and debates, as promoted by this approach, influences security outcomes in the region. Specifically, the research sought to determine the extent to which this approach, both independently and in combination with other deliberative frameworks, improves decision-making processes and addresses security challenges in the area. Through this investigation, the study aimed to provide contextspecific insights into the role of argumentative methods in security management, contributing to the development of more effective, adaptive, and sustainable security policies. Additionally, the study sought to inform future policy design by highlighting the benefits and limitations of using the Argumentation Approach in combination with other policy frameworks. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques was utilized to explore the relationship between the argumentative approach (independent variable) and security management (dependent variable). Data collection targeted conflict-prone areas in the Kerio Valley, focusing on counties such as Baringo, Turkana, Elgeyo Marakwet, and West Pokot, with a total target population of 59,908 stakeholders, including government officials, community leaders, and household heads. Systematic and random sampling methods were used to select a representative sample of 455 respondents, with data collected through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. A pilot test validated the research instruments, ensuring reliability through the Kaiser-MeyerOlkin measure and Cronbach's alpha. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (v.25) through descriptive and inferential analyses, while qualitative data were thematically examined with NVivo software. Ethical standards, including informed consent and data confidentiality, were rigorously upheld, and data security was ensured throughout the research process. Finding: The study found that the Argumentation Approach, as a deliberative policy framework, has a significant positive impact on security management in the Kerio Valley. When used independently, the approach improves security outcomes by approximately 27%, promoting in-depth discussions and critical evaluations that lead to better-informed decisions and strategies. However, when combined with other deliberative frameworks, its effectiveness slightly diminishes to a 12.9% improvement, suggesting diminishing returns or overlapping benefits from multiple approaches. Despite this reduction, the Argumentation Approach remains beneficial, highlighting its importance in fostering open dialogue and addressing security issues comprehensively. These findings emphasize the value of the Argumentation Approach in security management while suggesting that its integration with other frameworks should be strategically considered to maximize its overall impact. Implication to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings of this study have significant implications for theory, practice, and policy. From a theoretical perspective, the results support the value of structured communication frameworks, such as the Argumentation Approach, in enhancing decision-making and security management. The study reinforces existing theories on deliberative policy-making and structured communication, particularly in conflict-prone areas. Practically, the findings suggest that integrating the Argumentation Approach into security management can lead to more informed, comprehensive, and sustainable solutions, especially when used independently. However, its effectiveness may be reduced when combined with other frameworks, emphasizing the need for strategic integration. In terms of policy, the study highlights the importance of adopting deliberative methods in security management policies to ensure robust, culturally relevant, and context-specific interventions. Policymakers are encouraged to incorporate the Argumentation Approach alongside other frameworks, balancing their strengths to improve security outcomes in complex environments like the Kerio Valley.
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    Effect of Cultural Norms on Teenage Pregnancy in Kilifi County- Kenya
    (Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 2024) Mwangi, Mary Nyakio; Kipchumba, Heather
    This study sought to determine the impact of social-cultural norms on the rise in teen pregnancy in Kilifi County. According to hospital records, Kilifi County has a high rate of female births. The study used a cross-sectional survey design based on the Psychosocial Theory of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory. In Kilifi County, the target population consisted of 700 pregnant teenage mothers, 500 household heads, 300 nurses (midwives), and 70 sub-county children officers. A sample of 70 pregnant teenage mothers, 50 household heads, 30 nurses (midwives), and seven sub-county child welfare officers. The study employed questionnaires and interview schedules. Quantitative data was evaluated using descriptive statistical tools such as mean, percentage, and frequency. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 70 pregnant teenage mothers, 50 household heads, and 30 midwives. Data from 7 child welfare officers was gathered using interview schedules. Tables, graphs, and charts were used to present the information. A thematic analysis was used to organize and compile qualitative data. For ethical considerations, authority was sought from Kenyatta University's graduate school, a permit was obtained from NACOSTI and the ethics committee, and information collected was kept confidential and anonymous. According to the findings, social-cultural norms, poverty, a lack of sex education, inactive child protection policies, and parental marital status (divorce) all had a significant impact on teenage pregnancy in Kilifi. The findings indicate that there is a high rate of teen pregnancy in the area. Empowering low income families, conducting sex education, and demonstrating the consequences of negative social and cultural norms and practices are recommended.
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    Effectiveness of Drought Mitigation Measures Taken by National Drought Management Authority in Isiolo County, Kenya
    (Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Huka, Abdulkarim; Kipchumba, Heather
    Drought is a climate variability that happens seasonally, maybe multilayer or multi-decade,that causes variation in precipitation and temperature rise, hence causing droughts across the world. Drought remains one of the leading courses of conflict in ASAL counties such as Isiolo, even as agencies such as the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) seek to impact and reduce the risks associated with drought. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures by NDMA in drought mitigation in Isiolo County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to identify the mitigation measures taken by NDMA in Isiolo County, Kenyaand establish the effectivenessof the mitigation measures. The study employed a descriptive survey design and, through a census, sampled 20 respondents drawn from different technical staff at NDMA and other organizations supporting drought mitigation in the area. Through a structured questionnaire, the study collected primary data that were analyzed through descriptive statistics that included frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics used multi-linear regression analysis. The study established that water harvesting, social protection programs, and early warning systems statistically contributed to effective mitigation of drought in Isiolo County,Kenyawhile soil conservation and afforestation did not statistically contribute to effective mitigation of drought in the county. Soil conservation and early warning systems were the most excellent NDMA drought mitigation measures, followed by afforestation and then water harvesting. There is a need for NDMA to identify how they can implement the most effective NDMA drought mitigationmeasures in order to reduce the impact of drought in the area. NDMA should work closely with other stakeholders to ensure that the drought measures are not only effective but also address the community’s unique drought needs. Lastly, there is a need to evaluate reasons why afforestation and water harvesting are not significant in effective mitigation of drought and establish ways that they can be better implemented
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    The Effects of Occupational Stress on Service Delivery among the National Police Officers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
    (Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Jelle, Ali; Kipchumba, Heather
    Occupational stress is a known cause of myriad negative effects in most public sector institutions across the globe, the Kenyan national police officers being among them.The study, based on this sought to examine the effects of occupational stress among Nairobi City County’s national police officers on their service delivery. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, a total target population was 3524, and a sample of 374 was finally used. Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data that were eventually analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to. It was thus found that occupational stress affects officers in both personal and professional spaces, caused by work-related pressures, fuelled by political interest, low number of human resources, inadequate time to socialize with friends and relatives, and negative perceptions among officers on their jobs. Moreover, pressures during emergencies cause trauma due to dire negative experiences, among others. All these occurrences negatively affect the quality of service delivery among the police officers in Nairobi City County, calling for reforms that involve the provision of psychosocial support to tackle stressors from the occupation, build mental resilience, and improve service delivery. Moreover, there is a need to add Human resources, to ease work time pressure, and provide a conducive environment for economic, social, and emotional growth.