Browsing by Author "Kimunio, Isaac"

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    Digitalization and Total Factor Productivity of Selected Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
    (African Journal ofEme rgingIssues(AJOEI), 2025-04) Oyugi, Godfrey Ochola; Kimunio, Isaac
    Purpose of the Study:The study’s main objective was to determine the effect of digitalizationon the Total Factor Productivity of Nairobi Security Exchange listed firms. Problem Statement:Despite significant firm investment in advance digital technology, the overall contribution of digitalization to the performance and total factor productivityof firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange has been inconsistent.Method/methodology:To achieve the objective the study adopted the Growth Accounting Equation Approach and Generalized Method of Moments to analyze the effect of digitalization on Total Factor Productivity of selected listed firms in NSEResults of the study:The study reveals that digitalization as a key driver of productivity among NSE-listed firms. Conclusion and policy recommendation:The study concludes digitalization is a critical driver of Total Factor Productivity among firms listed in NSE and forward-oriented tech policies should be prioritized to build a tech savvy working environment
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    Inflation Targeting and its Effect on Food Price Volatility in Kenya
    (African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2024-06) Meni, Fredrick; Kimunio, Isaac
    Purpose of Study: The study investigates the effectiveness of inflation targeting in stabilizing food prices by examining its impact on food price volatility and the broader economic factors influencing this instability, including global commodity prices, exchange rate fluctuations, climate variability, and regional conflicts. Inflation targeting, introduced by the Central Bank of Kenya in 2011, aims to control inflation and stabilize prices. Problem Statement: Despite achieving its overall inflation objectives, Kenya continues to face volatile food prices, posing significant socioeconomic challenges, especially for low-income households that are heavily burdened by high food costs. Methodology: The study aopted non-experimental research design with secondary quarterly time series data from 2011 to 2022 sourced from the Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the Food and Agriculture Organization, this research analyzes factors including the Consumer Price Index, exchange rates, and food prices using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Result: The findings indicate that, while inflation targeting has succeeded in controlling overall inflation, it has struggled to reduce food price volatility. This suggests the need for more comprehensive policies that go beyond traditional monetary strategies to stabilize food prices effectively. Conclusion: The results highlight the necessity for a multifaceted approach involving monetary, fiscal, and trade policies to manage food price dynamics, improve food security, support farmers' incomes, and enhance overall economic stability in Kenya.
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    Non-Tariff Barriers on Intra-Common Market for Eastern and Southern African Trade
    (ATCR, 2023-11) Sewe, Charles Ochieng; Kimunio, Isaac
    This study, aimed to shed light on the magnitude of the effects of non-tariff barriers on IntraCommon Markets for Eastern and Southern African trade, the impact of gross domestic product, population, distance, tariff rate and common language on intra Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa trade, and determinants of non-tariff barriers in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa region. The study used the gravity model and simple ordinary least squares regression model as its overarching analytical framework. Bilateral imports between trading partners were used as the dependent variable, while the distance between trading partners, common language, population, gross domestic product, tariff rates, and non-tariff barriers were used as independent variables to achieve the project's objectives one and two. The third goal of the study was to examine the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, tariff rates, political institutions, and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa members as they relate to achieving objective three. The study confirmed that the imposition of non-tariff barriers has a negative effect on bilateral trade. An increase of one percent in nontariff barriers is associated with a 34.3 percent decrease in the Intra-Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa bilateral imports, an increase of one percent in gross domestic product is associated with a 30.8 percent increase on the intra-Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa bilateral imports, and one percent increase in tariff rate is associated with 38.8 percent decrease in bilateral imports. Therefore the study recommends that the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa should encourage trade facilitation measures, promote economic growth, encourage bilateral trade negotiations, strengthen political institutions, promote good governance and accountability, and implement public sector reforms among other recommendations.
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    Per Capita Income, Public Health Expenditure, Maternal Care Utilization and their Effects on Infant Mortality Rate in Kenya
    (AJOEI, 2024-05) Nduta, Beatrice; Kimunio, Isaac
    Purpose of the Study: The study aimed to determine the effects of per capita income, public health expenditure, and maternal care utilization on the infant mortality rate in Kenya. Problem Statement: Despite significant strides in reducing the infant mortality rate, many families in Kenya still face challenges in accessing high-quality medical care due to factors such as distance to healthcare facilities, lack of transportation, and poverty. Methodology: The research utilized time series data from the World Bank database spanning from 1991 to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) is estimated using the STATA software tool. The Grossman Health Capital Model is applied in the study. Key components include the dependent variable (infant mortality rate) and factors such as public health spending, per capita income, and maternal care utilization. The mother’s educational level serves as the control variable. Results: Contrary to other studies, this research finds no correlation between maternal care utilization (i.e., births attended by trained medical professionals and pregnant women who utilize prenatal care) and infant mortality. However, public health expenditure and per capita income show statistically significant positive effects on infant mortality rates, diverging from existing literature. Conclusion and Policy Recommendation: Policies aimed at improving the efficiency of public health spending and the distribution of per capita income, while addressing barriers to maternal care access, are essential for achieving faster reductions in infant mortality in Kenya.