Browsing by Author "Kefa, Kipngetich Bunei"

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    Phytochemical Analysis, Oral Toxicity, and in Vivo Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Prunus Africana
    (Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 2025-07) Chumba, Careen Ihazano; Kefa, Kipngetich Bunei; Kingori, Daniel Gathuka; Ngugi, Mathew Piero; Njagi, Eliud Nyaga Mwaniki
    Introduction: Prunus africana is traditionally used in Kakamega against pain, fever, and inflammation. This research aimed to identify the phytochemicals, the antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and antinociceptive effects, and oral toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of P. africana. Methods: The plant extract was screened for phytochemicals and minerals. The antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects were assessed using formalin-induced edema and pain models using Swiss-albino mice, while the antipyretic effect was evaluated through a turpentineinduced fever model using Wistar rats. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed by administering the extract orally to Wistar rats at doses of 150, 260, and 450 mg/kg for 28 days. The animals’ weekly weight and biochemical parameters were measured. Results: The extract reduced rectal temperature, edema, as well as pain in the initial and late phases (P < 0.05). The leaves contained carnosic acid, flavonoids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and thirteen minerals. Serum biochemistry indicated liver injury at doses of 260 and 450 mg/kg with alterations in total protein, globulin, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphorus levels compared to the normal control (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The extract of P. africana exhibits antipyretic, antinociceptive, and antiinflammatory effects; however, it can also cause liver damage. These findings establish a basis for additional investigation of P. africana for therapeutic use