Browsing by Author "Jagongo, Ambrose"

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    Credit Appraisal Procedure on Credit Accessibility among Small Scale Traders in Githurai Market, Kenya
    (Strategic Journals, 2024) Chirchir, Jared Kipngetich; Jagongo, Ambrose
    This study explored how credit appraisal methods affect credit access for small-scale traders in Githurai Market, Nairobi City County. The primary focus was on understanding the impact of appraisal factors, such as credit history, collateral, and income stability, on traders’ ability to secure financing. The sample included 169 small-scale traders and representatives from 9 financial institutions, including banks and microfinance institutions. The study revealed that collateral, credit scores, and business income are key determinants of credit access. Financial institutions tend to rely on traditional appraisal methods, making it challenging for small-scale traders, especially those lacking collateral or a strong credit history, to obtain loans. Qualitative findings underscored the need for financial literacy programs, simplified loan processes, and innovative credit scoring models to improve accessibility. Additionally, the study emphasized the potential of government backed initiatives and partnerships between stakeholders to reduce information asymmetry and make credit more accessible to underserved traders. Supported by the Credit Channel Theory and Information Asymmetry Theory, the study recommended updating credit criteria to include non-traditional metrics, expanding government aid, fostering stakeholder collaboration, promoting financial literacy, streamlining loan applications, and creating partnerships with technology firms for innovative solutions. Further research is suggested to investigate alternative financing options and the impact of financial literacy on credit access
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    Firm Characteristics and Financial Stability in The Insurance Sector: A Critical Review of Literature
    (2026-03) Nyamai, Jonathan Sila; Jagongo, Ambrose
    This study underscores a systematic review of the extant literature examining the relationship between firm characteristics and financial stability. The review was theoretically anchored in the buffer theory of capital adequacy, efficiency theory, market power theory, and stakeholder theory, which collectively provide complementary perspectives on how internal firm attributes influence resilience and risk exposure. Adopting a systematic literature review methodology, the study synthesised empirical and conceptual contributions addressing the nexus between firm-specific factors and financial stability outcomes. The findings indicate that a significant relationship has consistently been identified between firm size and financial stability. Larger firms are frequently associated with greater diversification opportunities, improved access to capital markets, and enhanced capacity to absorb shocks, thereby strengthening their stability profiles. Accordingly, firm size emerges as an important determinant of financial resilience within the reviewed literature. Similarly, substantial empirical evidence supports a significant association between capital adequacy and financial stability. In line with the buffer theory, higher levels of capital serve as a protective cushion against unexpected losses, reducing insolvency risk and enhancing institutional soundness. The capital position of an institution is therefore widely regarded as fundamental to its long-term stability. With respect to liquidity, the literature also establishes a significant relationship with financial stability. Liquidity, reflected in the availability of cash and near-cash assets to meet short-term obligations, plays a critical role in mitigating funding risk and maintaining operational continuity. Firms with stronger liquidity positions are generally better equipped to withstand adverse financial conditions. Finally, the review identifies a significant association between operational efficiency and financial stability. Efficient resource allocation, cost management, and productivity improvements contribute to enhanced profitability and reduced vulnerability to external shocks. Collectively, these findings underscore the multidimensional nature of financial stability and highlight the importance of firm-specific characteristics in shaping sustainable financial performance.