Browsing by Author "Ehinmitan,Emmanuel"

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    Cholera in Zambia: Explanatory Factors and Mid-term Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals
    (AJRID, 2024) Siamalube, Beenzu; Ehinmitan,Emmanuel; Ngotho,Maina; Onguso, Justus; Runo, Steven
    Cholera, a highly contagious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, poses a severe public health threat, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. Symptoms such as acute watery diarrhoea, vomiting, and muscle cramps can lead to rapid dehydration, and without timely treatment, cholera can be fatal. Globally, cholera incidence has increased significantly, with World Health Organisation data showing a rise from 223,370 cases in 2021 to 472,697 in 2022, with the number of affected countries growing from 35 to 47. In Zambia, cholera outbreaks are recurrent, particularly during the rainy season, with 30 outbreaks recorded between 1977 and 2018. Fishing camps in rural areas and densely populated peri-urban areas, particularly in the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces, report the highest incidences, attributed to inadequate waste management and poor drainage. This study investigates the factors influencing cholera dynamics in Zambia, focusing on climate variability, population density, and water and sanitation infrastructure. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, analysing historical cholera records, climate data, and socioeconomic factors since 1977. The article seeks to identify correlations between environmental and socioeconomic variables and cholera incidence, to guide effective public health strategies. The findings aim to support Zambia’s efforts to eliminate cholera within its borders by 2025, aligned with the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan and Vision 2030
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    Recent Trends of Vibrio cholerae: Global and Regional Incidences
    (2025) Siamalube,Beenzu; Ehinmitan,Emmanuel; Runo,Steven; Onguso,Justus; Maina, Ngotho
    Cholera is still with us! The foodborne/waterborne dis ease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae continues to pose a significant threat to the safety of public health glob ally (Mohammed et al., 2024). Despite various medical inter ventions such as the use of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) (Zeitoun et al., 2024), hundreds of thousands of lives are lost annually worldwide to this virulent disease. Cholera mostly affects vulnerable populations in regions with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation (Bose et al., 2024). Recent outbreaks in parts of Asia (Nasr et al., 2024), Africa (Taty et al., 2024), and the Caribbean underscore the ongoing risk and the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to control its spread (Siamalube and Ehinmitan, 2024). This commentary aims to unravel the challenges caused by V. cholerae by exploring the global cholera inci dences and the multifaceted approaches required to combat this persistent pathogen
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    Simple and Fail-safe Method to Transform Miniprep Escherichia coli Strain K12 Plasmid DNA Into Viable Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 Cells for Plant Genetic Transformation
    (bio-protocol, 2025) Siamalube,Beenzu; Ehinmitan,Emmanuel; Maina Ngotho; Onguso,Justus; Runo,Steven
    Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation method is a vital molecular biology technique employed to develop transgenic plants. Plants are genetically engineered to develop disease-free varieties, knock out unsettling traits for crop improvement, or incorporate an antigenic protein to make the plant a green factory for edible vaccines. The method’s robustness was validated through successful transformations, demonstrating its effectiveness as a standard approach for researchers working in plant biotechnology. It enables the introduction of foreign DNA into plant genomes. Conventionally, plant genetic transformation has relied on time-consuming, costly, and technically demanding procedures, such as electroporation and chimeric viruses or biolistic methods, which usually yield variable transformation efficiencies. This study presents a simple and fail-safe protocol that involves a modified freeze-thaw and heat-shock concoction method. This approach involves a streamlined plasmid miniprep procedure to isolate high-quality plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli K12 strain, followed by a target-specific transfer into A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain. The optimized method minimizes DNA degradation and maximizes uptake by Agrobacterium cells, making it a reproducible and accessible protocol for various genetic engineering applications. The transformation efficiency is consistently high, enhancing plasmid uptake while maintaining cell viability, requiring minimal specialized equipment and reagents. The proposed protocol offers significant advantages, including simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, positioning it as a valuable alternative to traditional techniques in the field of plant biotechnology.