Browsing by Author "Chepkirui, Sharon"

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    Financial Risk and Cost Efficiency of General Insurance Companies in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2022-07) Chepkirui, Sharon
    Insurance companies play a key role in protecting customers from the risks that they are insured against them occurs. In order for insurance firms to meet this objective they incur costs that are related o this and so the firms should be financially sound and meet every need as it arises. Cost efficiency is the manner in which the processes and products are transformed to minimize costs in order (0 add value to the firm. Cost efliciency is enhanced through different strategies to make directions, drive innovation, and reduce operational costs as well as to minimize financial risk. There has been increasing inputs in the insurance industry in terms of wages for highly qualified stafY, costly digital software and competition from both insurance and banking sector which may reduce the profitability. General insurance companies in Kenya have been underperforming in recent years leading to massive losses as a result of increased costs and reduced revenues leading to reduced efficiency. The study sought to ascertain the effect of financial risk on the cost cfficiency of general insurance in Kenya. Specifically: credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and foreign exchange rate risk on cost efficiency and finally to evaluate the moderating effect of capital adequacy on the relationship between financial risk and cost efficiency. This study used the Neoclassical Theory of the Firm, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, Theory of Optimal Capital Structure and the X-efficiency Theory. Explanatory research design, and Data Envelopment Analysis model was employed to analyze general insurance companies from 2015 to 2019.DEA and panel data logit model was also adopted. The study targeted 38 general insurance companies in Kenya and formed a sample size of 38 using the census method because of the small number. The study conducted descriptive and inferential analysis. Correlation and logit regression analysis to establish the onship between the variables. The study found that credit risk and cost efficiency were negatively and significantly related (B=-5.6018, P=0.0123). This mecans that cost efficiency would . increase with a decrease in credit risk. The study also showed that liquidity risk has a negative and significant effect on cost efficiency (=-15.1983, P=0.001). This implies that when liquidity gap increases then the cost efficiency of a firm decreases significantly. Moreover, interest rate risk was positively and significantly related to cost efficiency ratio (B=9.277, P=0.004). This implies that when liquidity gap increases then the cost efficiency of a firm decreases significantly. The study also revealed that foreign exchange risk negatively affects cost efficiency (B=-0.1093, P=0.027). This implies that the bigger the position an insurance firm holds in foreign markets relative to local markets, the more exposed they are to fluctuations in exchange rates. The study therefore concluded that credit risk, liquidity risk and foreign exchange risk had a negative influence on cost cfficiency while interest rate risk had a positive influence on cost efficiency of general insurance companies in Kenya. Finally, it can be concluded that capital adequacy moderates the relationship between financial risk and cost efficiency among insurance firms in Kenya. The study recommends that general insurance companies should have sufficient capital reserves in order to be able to handle financial risks they are exposed to should they occur and that the IRA should set up policies that guide the industry and enable insurance companies to improve their cost efficiency and reduce their exposure to different forms of financial risk. The study also reccommended that further research be conducted on other factors that may affect cost efficicncy apart from those discussed in the study.
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    Financial Risk and Cost Efficiency of General Insurance Companies in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2022-07) Chepkirui, Sharon
    Insurance companies play a key role in protecting customers from the risks that they are insured against them occurs. In order for insurance firms to meet this objective they incur costs that are related o this and so the firms should be financially sound and meet every need as it arises. Cost efficiency is the manner in which the processes and products are transformed to minimize costs in order (0 add value to the firm. Cost efliciency is enhanced through different strategies to make directions, drive innovation, and reduce operational costs as well as to minimize financial risk. There has been increasing inputs in the insurance industry in terms of wages for highly qualified stafY, costly digital software and competition from both insurance and banking sector which may reduce the profitability. General insurance companies in Kenya have been underperforming in recent years leading to massive losses as a result of increased costs and reduced revenues leading to reduced efficiency. The study sought to ascertain the effect of financial risk on the cost cfficiency of general insurance in Kenya. Specifically: credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and foreign exchange rate risk on cost efficiency and finally to evaluate the moderating effect of capital adequacy on the relationship between financial risk and cost efficiency. This study used the Neoclassical Theory of the Firm, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, Theory of Optimal Capital Structure and the X-efficiency Theory. Explanatory research design, and Data Envelopment Analysis model was employed to analyze general insurance companies from 2015 to 2019.DEA and panel data logit model was also adopted. The study targeted 38 general insurance companies in Kenya and formed a sample size of 38 using the census method because of the small number. The study conducted descriptive and inferential analysis. Correlation and logit regression analysis to establish the relationship between the variables. The study found that credit risk and cost efficiency were negatively and significantly related (B=-5.6018, P=0.0123). This mecans that cost efficiency would . increase with a decrease in credit risk. The study also showed that liquidity risk has a negative and significant effect on cost efficiency (=-15.1983, P=0.001). This implies that when liquidity gap increases then the cost efficiency of a firm decreases significantly. Moreover, interest rate risk was positively and significantly related to cost efficiency ratio (B=9.277, P=0.004). This implies that when liquidity gap increases then the cost efficiency of a firm decreases significantly. The study also revealed that foreign exchange risk negatively affects cost efficiency (B=-0.1093, P=0.027). This implies that the bigger the position an insurance firm holds in foreign markets relative to local markets, the more exposed they are to fluctuations in exchange rates. The study therefore concluded that credit risk, liquidity risk and foreign exchange risk had a negative influence on cost cfficiency while interest rate risk had a positive influence on cost efficiency of general insurance companies in Kenya. Finally, it can be concluded that capital adequacy moderates the relationship between financial risk and cost efficiency among insurance firms in Kenya. The study recommends that general insurance companies should have sufficient capital reserves in order to be able to handle financial risks they are exposed to should they occur and that the IRA should set up policies that guide the industry and enable insurance companies to improve their cost efficiency and reduce their exposure to different forms of financial risk. The study also reccommended that further research be conducted on other factors that may affect cost efficicncy apart from those discussed in the study.
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    Performance Contracting and Service Delivery at the State Department for Public Service in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Chepkirui, Sharon
    Service delivery at the State Department for Public Service in Kenya has faced persistent challenges, undermining the efficiency and effectiveness of public service provision. Despite various government reforms, such as the introduction of performance contracting and digital platforms, the public sector continues to grapple with inefficiencies, corruption and inadequate resource allocation, which adversely affect the quality of services rendered to citizens. According to the Public Service Commission report of 62% of Kenyans expressed dissatisfaction with the responsiveness of public services, particularly in areas like health, education, and infrastructure. This dissatisfaction is further highlighted by the 2022 Performance Contracting Review, which indicated that many state departments failed to meet key performance targets due to mismanagement and lack of accountability, with only 38% of departments achieving their set goals. The study sought to assess the performance contracting and service delivery at the State Department for Public Service in Kenya, specifically focusing on the effect of resource utilization, target setting, accountability and cost management on service delivery. The study was anchored on the New Public Management, Goal Setting Theory, Resource Based View Theory and Agency theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted all the 173 employees working in the positions of top management, senior management, mid level management and lower management staff, in the technical directorates of the State Department for Public Service. A structured questionnaire was utilized. Stratified random sampling was utilized. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach alpha, while construct and content validity was done using expert opinion with the help from the supervisor. Regression and correlation, Chi square, Fisher’s test and ANOVA was used. Frequency tables, percentages, pie charts, bar graphs and the regression and correlation model were used to present the analyzed data. In addition, the study's conducts guarantee anonymity, confidentiality, neutrality, and informed consent. The research found out that there is a favorable and significant association between resource utilization and the provision of services at the State Department for Public Service. The research also found out that there is a positive and substantial correlation between target setting and the provision of services at the State Department for Public Service. The study also concluded that there is a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between accountability and service delivery at the State Department for Public Service. Finally, it was concluded presence of strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between cost management and service delivery at the State Department for Public Service. The study recommended that implementing integrated financial systems with built-in controls, audit trails, and data analytics capabilities can help identify irregularities, prevent fraud, and ensure compliance with budgetary allocations and regulatory requirements. The study also recommended concerning target setting the study recommended that public institutions should regularly review and adjust targets based on changing circumstances, emerging priorities, and lessons learned from performance assessments.