RP-Department of Family Medicine, Community Health and Epidemiology

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Browsing RP-Department of Family Medicine, Community Health and Epidemiology by Author "Kimani, Harun M."

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    Access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence: a descriptive cross-sectional study of Nairobi City County, Kenya
    (International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2024-03) Oredo, Pascal O.; Kimani, Harun M.; Mugo, Judy
    Background: Sixty percent of women globally are exposed to reproductive health problems related to sexual gender based violence. In Kenya, sexual violence is one of the top 10 risk factors for disease burden. The study aimed to determine access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence in Nairobi city county, Kenya. Methods: The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design using pretested questionnaires. Study population was 269 female survivors of sexual gender-based violence. Data was analysed thematically and presented by use of percentages and frequencies distribution tables. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine relationships between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratios were evaluated for significance by considering the 95% confidence interval at p value ≤0.05. Results: Access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence was 26%. Service availability for survivors in the facilities had a 3 times likelihood of access sexual, knowledge on failure to seek immediate medical attention had 4 times likelihood to increase access while awareness of the period to have prophylaxis had 4.66 times likelihood to increase access. Services provided to survivor had 39% likelihood to increase access, survivors screened for sexually transmitted disease before admission had 10% more likelihood to access and survivors who received post exposure prophylaxis had 0.62 times likelihood of access to sexual reproductive health services. Conclusions: Availability of comprehensive sexual reproductive health services at the facility and good knowledge would increase access to reproductive health services.
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    Distribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors between Hypertensive and Normotensive Adults in Garissa County, Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2024-08-08) Osman, Bdihakim M.; Kimani, Harun M.; Gitahi, Mary W.
    Background:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diseases affecting the heart and the blood vessels. Globally hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death, affecting 26% of the world population with prevalence expected to rise to 29% by 2025. The main study outcome was the distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Secondary outcomes were the knowledge and socio-economic factors and their impact on distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods:This was a retrospective case control study. Information regarding the sociodemographic, cardiovascular disease risk factors, knowledge and socioeconomic factors were collected from 140 adult patients (70 hypertensives and 70 normotensives) seeking outpatient services in Garissa County, Kenya. The 95% confidence limit was used and findings whose p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Majority of the participants were aged >65 years (28.6%), followed by 56-65 years (24.3%) with a range of 25-75 years and were mainly male (57.1%), had attained at least a primary school education level (39.3%) and employed (53.6%). The prevalence of increased cardiovascular disease risk factors (>3CVD risk factors) was 72.1% among the study participants with the hypertensive arm having 14.9% higher prevalence. There was statistically significant association between BMI and knowledge with distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors (p=0.01) and (p=0.05) respectively.Conclusions:The hypertensive arm had marginally higher cardiovascular disease risk factors. High BMI and low knowledge were both associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Prospective studies with larger sample size and encompassing more counties are recommendable
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    Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease among the Hypertensive Patients in Wajir County, Kenya
    (MDIP, 2024-06) Ali, Abdirahman M.; Kimani, Harun M.; Ogweno, Gordon O.
    Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is public health burden and rising rapidly in prevalence in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. CKD increases with advancing age and comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. However, there is no data on CKD the prevalence and risk factors associated among the hypertensive adult patients in Wajir county. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and establishing risk factors associated with CKD among hypertensive patients in Wajir county and sought to recommend viable preventive measures. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design utilized, non-probability consecutive sampling was adopted to obtain sample size of 293 respondent attending medical outpatient clinic at Wajir county referral hospital between September to December 2023. The study utilised primary data that were collected using structured questionnaires and secondary data from the laboratory result. Results: Key findings revealed majority of hypertensive patients have CKD (45.40%), highlighting a critical health concern in the region. The study found most CKD cases were in early stages (stages 1 and 2), some had progressed to severe stages (stages 4 and 5). Regression analysis identified several demographic and clinical factors associated with CKD development, including age, gender, and education, and employment status, family history of CKD and difficulty in medication compliance. Conclusions: there is high prevalence of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive adults in Wajir county. With nearly half of hypertensive patients also suffering from CKD, there is an undeniable public health crisis at hand in Wajir county. Study recommended initiation of targeted screening programs.