1st Five 2nd Five ammonia anhydrite Arusha Declaration backward linkages balance of payments British calcium sulphate capacity capital intensive capitalist cement industry Cement Manufacturers LTD cement plant cement production chemical synthesis choice coal deposits coke colonial consumer costs of production country's current account decision developing countries domestic production East African Community economic activities economists established example export fertiliser plant firm Five Year Plan fuel gypsum horizontal diversification import content import substitution independence industrial strategy industrialisation interest investments investors Kenya Kenya and Uganda kiln labour LDCs limestone machinery Mahalanobis management agreement manpower Mbeya necessary nitrogenous fertilisers output paper bags phosphate Portland Cement Manufacturers problem production per tonne projects raw material inputs Ruhuhu Rweyemamu Salaam salary satellite industries sector set-up steel industry strong industrial base structural distortions substitute imported sulphuric acid Tanga Tanganyika technical total average costs trade type of import Uganda Wazo Hill