RP-Department of Agricultural Resources Management (ARM)
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Browsing RP-Department of Agricultural Resources Management (ARM) by Author "Abdulrazak, S. A."
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Item Effect of Supplementing Rhodes Grass Hay (Chloris gayana) with Berchemia Discolor or Zizyphus Mucronata on the Performance of Growing Goats in Kenya.(Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2011-06) Osuga, Isaac M.; Abdulrazak, S. A.; Muleke, C. I.; Fujihara, T.Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then included at the rates of 15% and 30% of the dry matter intake (DMI). Berchemia discolor had the highest crude protein (CP) content of 195.5 g/kg DM, while Z. mucronata had CP content of 169.5 g/kg DM. The grass hay had the lowest CP content of 50.9 g/kg DM. The browse forages had low fibre content [Neutral detergent fibre (NDF); 257.9-369.5 g/kg DM], while the grass hay had high fibre content (NDF; 713.1 g/kg DM). Goats in the groups supplemented with either of the browse forages had higher total DMI, nitrogen (N) intake and retention and live-weight gains than those in the control diet group. The digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) was not affected by supplementation, but the CP digestibility increased with supplementation. The use of the browse forages as supplements for goats fed on poor-quality basal diets would enhance the performance of the animals.Item Evaluation of nutritive value and palatability by goats and sheep of selected browse foliages from semiarid area of Kenya(Wiley, 2008-08-22) Osuga, I. M.; Wambui, C. C.; Abdulrazak, S. A.; Ichinohe, T.; Fujihara, T.The feeding value of five browse foliages (Acacia brevispica, Acacia mellifera, Berchemia discolor, Zizyphus mucronata and Maerua angolensis) grown in semiarid area of Kenya were evaluated. Their chemical composition including polyphenolics and in vitro gas production characteristics were determined. The biological activity of the polyphenolics was assessed as the increases in gas production profiles and in vitro true dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility after in vitro incubation with or without addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a tannin binding reagent. The intake and palatability ranking of the browse foliages by goats and sheep were also investigated. The browse foliages had variable crude protein content (149.5–248.6 g/kg DM) and variable content of neutral detergent fiber (205.1–424.0 g/kg DM). The content of total extractable tannins was generally low (2.4–34.8 g/kg DM). At 24 h of incubation, Z. mucronata produced the highest gas volume, while after 48 h of incubation, B. discolor produced the highest gas volume. M. angolensis had the least gas production potential within the browse foliages. Addition of PEG increased gas production except in A. mellifera and M. angolensis. However, PEG addition did not have any significant effect on in vitro true DM and OM digestibility except in B. discolor, which decreased. The rank order of preference (highest to least) for goats was A. brevispica, Z. mucronata, B. discolor, A. mellifera and M. angolensis while the rank order of preference for sheep was A. brevispica, B. discolor, A. mellifera, Z. mucronata and M. angolensis. The goats had higher intakes of all the browse foliages than sheep. The result of this study highlights the higher feeding value of the browse species as supplemental feed with low quality basal diet with both of animal species except M. angolensis.Item Potential nutritive value and tannin bioassay of selected Acacia species from Kenya(Wiley, 2007-04-24) Osuga, I. M; Maindi, C. N.; Abdulrazak, S. A.; Nishino, N.; Ichinohe, T.; Fujihara, T.Six Acacia forage species–A. brevispica, A. elatior, A. mellifera, A. nilotica, A. senegal and A. seyal—were analysed for their chemical composition, including phenolics and rumen fermentation characteristics. In vitro gas production technique was used to study the rumen fermentation characteristics and the effect of tannins present in the browse forages on in vitro fermentation by including polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) in the incubation. The forages had high crude protein content (145.7–270.1 g kg−1 DM) and low to moderate content of neutral detergent fibre (220.2–442.8 g kg−1 DM). The forages had variable content of total extractable phenolics ranging from 18.4 to 384.2 g kg−1 DM and total extractable tannins ranging from 7.1 to 364.8 g kg−1 DM (tannic acid equivalent). Fractionation of the condensed tannin flavonoids showed that the delphinidin/cyanidin ratio ranged from not detected:100 to 71:29. The gas production potential ranged from 28.4 to 40.8 mL gas 0.2 g−1 DM. The rate of gas production was highest in A. elatior and lowest in A. nilotica. Addition of PEG-6000 increased gas production significantly (P < 0.05) in all species except A. mellifera. PEG-6000 addition did not have any significant effect on in vitro true dry matter and organic matter degradability but decreased the partitioning factor in all the species. Gas production and degradability parameters correlated positively with the CP content and negatively with the fibre and phenolics contents. Based on chemical composition, gas production and degradability, the forages have high potential nutritive value, especially as supplements to low-quality feeds in the tropics and particularly during the dry season. However, the presence of tannins in terms of high levels and biological antinutritive activity may limit the nutritive potential of some of the forages, such as A. seyal and A. nilotica. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical IndustryItem Potential nutritive value of various parts of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) as source of feed for ruminants in Kenya(world-food.net, 2012) Osuga, Isaac M.; Abdulrazak, S. A.; Muleke, C. I.; Fujihara, T.Various parts of the wild sunflower (Tithonia) were analysed for their chemical composition and degradation characteristics. Pyrethrum marc (pymarc), a common agro-industrial by-product was also analysed to compare the potential nutritive value. Leaves and flowers both young and mature were harvested, dried and ground. The crude protein (CP) content ranged from 143.3 g/kg dry matter (DM) in pymarc to 235.6 g/kg DM in mature Tithonia leaves. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was highest in pymarc (421 g/kg DM) and least in mature leaves (264.8 g/kg DM). Concentration of polyphenolic compounds was highest in young leaves and lowest in young flowers. However, the concentrations were far below levels (50.0 g/kg DM) known to have detrimental effects in ruminants. Flowers were more digestible than leaves but overall pymarc recorded the highest value of 60.5% organic matter digestibility (OMD). The same trend was recorded for metabolizable energy (ME). Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a tannin-binding agent did not yield significant increase in gas production values except for mature flowers, which also recorded significant increases in both OMD and ME. Tithonia forages (leaf and flower) at both young and mature vegetative state have high nutritive value compared to pymarc. However, mature leaves and young flowers are slightly higher in CP and low in concentration of phenolic compounds than young and mature leaves and flowers, respectively. This depicts the high potential of Tithonia shrub in feeding of ruminants. Key words: Tithonia diversifolia, pymarc, gas production, rumen fermentation