PHD-Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Browsing PHD-Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Author "Anyona, Samuel Bonuke"

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    Effects of Naturally-Acquired Malaria Pigment by Monocytes and Cyclooxygenase-2 Polymorpidsms on Prostaglandin-e2 production in cidldren with severe plasmodium falciparum Malaria
    (2013-11-26) Anyona, Samuel Bonuke
    In malariaendemic regions of western Kenya, Plasmodium falciparum malaria manifestsclinically as severe malarial anemia [SMA; hemoglobin (Hb) <6.0gldL, with anydensity parasitemia]. The induction of prostaglandin (PG)-E2 production through cyclooxygenase(COX; prostaglandin-endoperoxide H synthase )-2 pathway is an important hostdefense mechanism against infectious agents. Although previous studies have shown thatPGE2 concentrations, COX-2 transcripts and protein levels are reduced in children withsevere malaria, the impact of in vivo malaria pigment-containing monocytes (PCM) onsystemic PGE2 production and COX-2 mRNA expression in children with SMA remainsunexplored. In addition, no studies to date have reported the association between COX-2genetic variation and susceptibility to SMA. As such, plasma and urinary PGE2 (measuredas the stable end metabolite: bicyclo-PGE) levels and COX-2 mRNA transcripts wereinvestigated in children (n=74; age<36 months) categorized into non-SMA (Hb~6.0gldL,with any density parasitemia; n=38) and SMA (n=36), presenting at Siaya District Hospital,western Kenya. In addition, the association between promoter variants COX-2 -512 C>T(rs20420), -608 T>C (rs204l9), -765 G>C (rs20417), -1132 G>A (rs204l5) and -1195A>G (rs689466), and susceptibility to SMA were investigated among parasitemic children(n=842) participating in the same study. The results revealed significantly decreasedplasma (P=0.001) and urinary (P