PHD-Department of Community Resource Management and Extension

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Browsing PHD-Department of Community Resource Management and Extension by Author "Ngige, L.W."

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    Evaluation of street children rehabilitation programmes in Uasin Gishu district, Kenya
    (2011-07-19) Wakhu-Wamunga, Florence M.; Ngige, L.W.; Tumuti, D.W.
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the street children rehabilitation programmes in Uasin Gishu District with the aim of providing information that can be useful to policy makers in the area of child welfare. The objectives of the study were to: (i) Determine how the programmes were initiated, (ii) Establish the context in which the street children rehabilitation programmes operate, (iii) Establish the resources used in the rehabilitation process, (iv) Determine the strategies used to rehabilitate the street children, (v) Evaluate the extent to which programme objectives had been achieved, (vi) Assess the social impact of the rehabilitation programmes on the street children community and the larger community of Eldoret town. Stufflebeam's improvement - oriented model of evaluation was adapted for the study. The naturalistic / pluralistic research design was used for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative modes of inquiry were employed in the research. The sample constituted 223 respondents. Data were collected by means of interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, spot observations and document analysis. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that the three centres were initiated and established by foreign missionaries with the aim of providing shelter, food, clothing, education and health care to street children in surrounding towns. Majority (53.3%) of the children in the centres were teenagers who had left home at a very early age. Sugoi home had no children below the age of 10 years. The main reason why these children had been on the streets was poverty which was a consequence of ethnic clashes of 1992. The management of the centres employed staff from the local community on contract. Staff turnover was quite high with an average time of 1.7 years spent at the centres. The staff had no skills in handling children in need of special protection. Rescue Centre had volunteers who came to teach children craft skills. All the centres had set rules and routines the children had to adhere to. This helped instil a sense of responsibility. Education therapy was employed in all centres. The character of street children and the character expected of them at the institutions determined the way the children were handled by staff. The staff had improper attitudes towards the children. They handled the children like delinquents in a correctional centre. The children were also involved in religious activities for there spiritual development. At Bindura and Sugoi centres, the children were involved in manual and farm work. Despite all the work that was going on at the centres, there was no monitoring of progress made by children. The strategies employed at the centres can be classified as interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills and behavioural social skills training. The centres had made some achievements in that the basic physiological needs of the children were met and, there was observed positive behaviour change in the children. The children were disciplined, clean and trustworthy. There are those who had been employed in various places while others had become evangelists and musicians. Some children from Rescue Centre had been assigned to others homes, reintegrated back into their families, or adopted. The centres had made some achievements in that the basic physiological needs of the children were met and, there was observed behaviour change in the children. The local community had also developed a change of attitude towards street children. They made donations towards the centres and gave volunteer service. Despite the achievements made, the centres still faced a lot of challenges such us inadequate funds and facilities, unskilled employees, lack of guidelines on rehabilitation, dependency syndrome from poor parents, increase in the number of street children and runaways. It is recommended that the government provides financial funding human resources for the running of these institutions
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    Predictors of Self-efficacy in HIV Prevention among People Living with HIV and AIDS in Thika District, Kiambu County, Kenya
    (2014-02-24) Kieru, Jane Njeri; Ngige, L.W.; Msangi, G. N.
    It has been shown that PLWHA are living longer due to increasing availability and uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART). There has been limited research on whether PLWHA adopt safer sexual and reproductive practices as focus has been primarily on HIV negative persons. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of self-efficacy in HIV prevention among PLWHA in Thika district, Kiambu County; „a case of prevention with positives‟. Specific objectives included: to assess socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA, determine attitude towards sexual and reproductive behaviour, establish sexual and reproductive practices, identify barriers to safe sexual and reproductive behaviour and to analyze the decision making patterns on sexual and reproductive behaviour and determine the predictors of self-efficacy in HIV prevention. The study was guided by Health Belief Model and General Systems Theory. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. Three divisions of Thika district were chosen purposively namely: Ruiru, Thika Municipality and Kamwangi. The sample size comprised 239 PLWHA. The data were collected using interview guides, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data analyses were used. Chi-square results yielded significant relationship between self-efficacy in HIV prevention and gender (p=0.000), marital status (p=0. 001), monthly income (p=0. 043), employment status (p=0. 037), attitude towards HIV-negative people (p=0.002), attitude towards reproductive behaviour (p=0. 049), number of sexual partners (p=0.000), type of sexual partner (p=0.000), awareness of HIV-status of sexual partner (p=0.025), HIV disclosure (p=0.003), number of children born after testing HIV positive (p=0.034), partner‟s condom refusal (p=0.028), alcohol and drug abuse (p=0.000), financial constraints (p=0.000), condom fatigue (p=0.002), decision on whether to use condoms (p=0.050), and which type of condoms used (p=0.010). Further analysis by use of Binary Logistic Regression showed positive predictors of self-efficacy in HIV prevention namely: gender (p=0.050), monthly income (p=0.002), attitude towards reproductive behaviour (p=0.007), number of children born after testing sero-positive (p=0.0.029), financial constraints and condom fatigue (p=0.046). Negative predictors were number of sexual partners (p=0.001) and alcohol and drug abuse (p=0.021). It was concluded that females, middle income earners, positive attitude towards reproductive behaviour, having more than one child after testing sero-positive and those not facing challenges condom fatigue and financial constraints predicted high self-efficacy in HIV prevention. On the contrary, having multiple partners and indulging in alcohol and drug abuse predicted low self-efficacy in HIV prevention. It was recommended that there was need to promote inclusion of both men and women in HIV and AIDS programs, ensure sustainable income generating activities, promote sexual behaviour change programmes within the community targeting PLWHA, ensure effective provision of alcohol and drug abuse counselling sessions among PLWHA and strengthen consistent use of condoms. These might increase self-efficacy in HIV prevention among PLWHA thus reducing the number of new HIV cases.