PHD-Department of Physical and Health Education

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Browsing PHD-Department of Physical and Health Education by Author "Wamukoya, Edwin K."

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    Effect of regular physical activity on functional independence and health of the elderly at Bakateyamba home in Kampala
    (2012-04-13) Kasoma, Sandra Birabwa; Wamukoya, Edwin K.; Onywera, Vincent Ochieng
    The study was set to determine the functional independence: the physical and health fitness (the lower body muscle strength, the static balance, the gait quality, the dynamic balance and the cardiovascular endurance and the changes in the blood pressure). In addition, the physical activity patterns, the nutrition patterns, the sleep patterns and the prevalence of chronic illnesses of the elderly were assessed before and after an intervention of a physical activity programme (PAP) based on the Community Health Intervention Programmes (CHIPs). The study employed a quasi-experimental design. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the target group: the Bakateyamba Home and the sample of the 40 elderly that were residing in the home. The researcher conducted a pre-test before commencement of the PAP that lasted 8 weeks and post tests at halftime (4 weeks) and fulltime (8 weeks) to determine the effect of PAP on the variables under study. An interview was administered to both the elderly subjects and the caregivers to obtain information about their physical activity patterns, nutrition patterns, sleep patterns and prevalence of chronic illnesses. The personal data files for the elderly Were used to provide more information about the elderly. 17 elderly who successfully completed the study availed the data for this study. The results have been organized in tables, graphs and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme and Statistics data analysis (Stata 9). The pre-test and post test data of the group was analysed using a Kruskal Wallis Test and Fishers' Exact Test at p=0.05. The eight-week PAP caused significant effect on the lower body strength p=0.001, the gait quality p=O.013, the diastolic blood pressure p=0.016 and the heart rate p=0.010 of the elderly. Changes were also noted in the activity patterns of the elderly. Significant improvement were noted in the sleep patterns p=0.006. The nutritional problems were significantly improved p=0.025. Additionally, the frequency of chronic illness attacks reduced significantly p=0.012 just as the self reports on how the elderly persons perceived their health showed significant improvement p=O.OOOl. There were however, no significant changes in the cardiovascular endurance, the systolic blood pressure, the static and dynamic balance of the elderly by the end of the 8-week PAP. The study concluded that the 8-week low intensity PAP was safe and effective in improving the functional independence and health of the elderly. The 8 weeks' PAP is adequate in improving the activity patterns, reducing constipation problems, reducing chronic illness attacks and reducing sleep problems among elderly. However, other aspects where the 8 week PAP did not cause significant effects may require administering the PAP for a longer period with varying intensity. The elderly should be encouraged to involve in adequate and regular forms of physical activity and exercise at least three days a week for 30 -50 minutes each day.
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    Trends towards gender equity in selected competitive sports in Uganda
    (2012-04-13) Kateshumbwa, Eunice Ananura; Wamukoya, Edwin K.; Mwangi, Peter Wanderi
    Participation of women in SPOHS has been very low as compared to that of men world over. Studies have shown that women are underrepresented in all fields of sports as managers, administrators, officials in sports organisations, coaches, and athletes (Njororai et al, 2003; Mwisukha, 2005). This study therefore aimed at establishing the current status and trends of gender equity in sports participation in Uganda. The study also sought to examine the causes of, and strategies that can be used to reduce gender disparity in sports in Uganda. A descriptive survey research design was used and the study was guided by five objectives. This study was delimited to national sports organisations in Uganda whereby a target population of 483 people in the sports field were considered. These included officials from the national sports organisations, national federations/associations, coaches and athletes at national level. A total of 350 respondents were sampled using purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and a document analysis guide which were validated by experts and through pre-testing were used to collect data. SPSS version 11.5 was used to code and analyse data which was presented as means, frequencies and percentages in tables for descriptive analysis. A multiple regression was used to conduct the forecast for the achievement of gender equity in selected competitive sports in Uganda. In addition, the null hypotheses were tested using the t-tests and one way ANOV A to establish the differences between views of different respondents at 0.05 level of significance. Post hoc tests using Tukey HSD was used to establish the differences between groups upon significant F ratios. The study found out that gender disparity exists and that there was a significant difference in the opportunities available for male and female participants, male (M = 3.454, SD = 0.446) and female (M = 2.889, SD = 0.220); t (14) = 3.21, at p = 0.006 with male participants being availed more opportunities. in 'sports than their female counterparts. The study also established a minimal increase in the humber of women participating in sports as compared to that of men and a small decrease in the gender imbalance. There was a significant difference between some of the views of the committee members, coaches and athletes on cultural factors that cause gender disparity in sports in Uganda. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the views of the committee members, coaches and athletes on the social, economic and political factors that cause gender disparity in sports in Uganda. The study recommended that national sports organisations in Uganda ought to establish gender equity policies and committees. There should also be a plan to sensitise the masses on the importance of gender equity in sports for the benefit for both men and women in Uganda. There should be deliberate efforts to recruit and bring more women into the sports field at all levels.