RP-Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences
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Browsing RP-Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences by Author "Amoding, Alice"
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Item Belowground influence of rhizobium inoculant and water hyacinth composts on yellow bean infested by aphis fabae and colletotrichum lindemuthianum under field conditions(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Naluyange, Victoria; Ochieno, Dennis M. W.; Wandahwa, Philip; Odendo, Martins; Maingi, John M.; Amoding, Alice; Ombori, Omwoyo; Mukaminega, Dative; Muoma, JohnRhizobium inoculant has been developed for bean production in Lake Victoria basin. Two types of compost have been developed, water hyacinth compost with cattle manure culture (H+CMC) or with effective microbes (H+EM). Influence of Rhizobium and composts on Aphis fabae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were investigated in the field. Rhizobium and hyacinth composts increased nodulation (×2 to 5); while Aphis fabae population increased (×2) on Rhizobium-inoculated plants with H+EM. Incidence of C. lindemuthianum was high in Rhizobium-inoculated plants. Plants that received diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer had few nodules, reduced germination, slow growth and low yields. In conclusion, the water hyacinth composts contain beneficial microbes that promote root nodulation by Rhizobium, which is necessary for nitrogen fixation, while enhancing tolerance to aboveground infestations by A. fabae and C. lindemuthianum. We raise questions on our results to stimulate research, considering that bean breeding programs in Africa have mainly focused on microbial pathogens, and not insect pests.Item Effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [mart.] solms) compost on growth and yield of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Lake Victoria Basin(European International Journal of Science and Technology, 2014) Osoro, Newton O.; Kawaka, Fanuel; Naluyange, Victoria; Ombori, Omwoyo; Muoma, John O.; Amoding, Alice; Mukaminega, Dative; Muthini, Morris; Maingi, John M.Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has become a problem in water bodies all over the world. Various methods have been used to eradicate the macrophyte but with little success. The weed has high content of the nutrients absorbed from its environment. Hence there is need to assess the potential of utilizing the weed for commercial purposes such as compost to substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers which contributes to climate change. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of water hyacinth compost prepared using different treatments on the growth and yield of common beans. Field experiments were carried out at Otonglo Division in Kisumu County (Kenya) and greenhouse experiments were carried out at Kenyatta University. The water hyacinth compost was prepared using effective microorganisms (EM) solution, cattle manure and molasses separately as starter cultures for composting. The effect of compost on crop production was assessed by applying the compost to common beans (Rose coco) on separate growth pots in the greenhouse and plots in the field respectively. The treatments applied included compost prepared with EM (8.837 g/pot), compost prepared with cattle manure (8.837 g/pot), compost prepared with molasses (8.837g/pot), diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer (70.7 mg N/pot), inoculum (beans treated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 446) and control. For the field experiments, water hyacinth compost was applied at a rate of 5000 kg ha-1 and DAP at 40 kg N/ha. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and three replications for each treatment in the greenhouse and five treatments replicated four times in three farmers’ fields. Application of water hyacinth compost and DAP significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the growth of common beans. The best performance of Rose coco plants in terms of dry weight, root dry weight, number of nodules per plant, nodule dry weight and root collar diameter was recorded when the soil was amended with water hyacinth compost prepared with EM (WHE). Yield parameters such as 100 seed weight, grain yield and stover weight were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced when the soil was amended with various treatments. It can therefore be concluded that water hyacinth which is locally available and in large quantities (especially in lake Victoria) can be composted to prepare organic fertilizers and effectively used as an organic soil amendment to restore soil and increase common beans production.Item Symbiotic Efficiency of Native Rhizobia Nodulating Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in soils of Western Kenya(International Scholarly Research Notices Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 258497, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/258497, 2014) Ombori, O.; Maingi, J.M.; Kawaka, Fanuel; Dida, Mathews M.; Osoro, N.; Opala, Peter A.; Muthini, Morris; Muoma, John; Amoding, Alice; Mukaminega, DativeThis study was conducted to determine the abundance and symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia nodulating common bean in Kisumu and Kakamega, Kenya. Soil sampling was carried out in three farms that had been used for of growing common bean for at least two seasons and one fallow land with no known history of growing common bean or inoculation. Abundance of soil rhizobia and symbiotic efficiency (SE) were determined in a greenhouse experiment. Native rhizobia populations ranged from 3.2 × 101 – 3.5 × 104 cells per gram of soil. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from fresh and healthy root nodules exhibited typical characteristics of Rhizobium sp. on yeast extract mannitol agar media supplemented with Congo red. Bean inoculation with the isolates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the shoot dry weight, nitrogen (N) concentration and content. The SE of all the native rhizobia were higher when compared to a reference strain, CIAT 899 (67%) and ranged from 74% to 170%. Four isolates had SE above a second reference strain, Strain 446 (110%). Our results demonstrate the presence of native rhizobia that are potentially superior to the commercial inoculants. These can be exploited to enhance bean inoculation programmes in the region