MST-Department of Public Health

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Browsing MST-Department of Public Health by Author "Budambula, Valentine"

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    The role of vaccination in the management of typhoid fever: a case study of horticulture farm workers in Juja, Kenya
    (2011-11-24) Budambula, Valentine; Otieno, M.; Yitambe, A.
    This was a retrospective study carried out on ten horticultural farms within Juja location. Based on convenience and proportionate to size sampling a total of 3,969 participants (51 % female and 49 % male) were interviewed. The aim of this study was to determine the role of vaccination in the management of typhoid fever. The study focused on the direct costs of treating typhoid fever and the health outcomes. Both the vaccine and disease exposure history were determined simultaneously by use of a semi structured interview schedule. Data collected was managed using excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The results were analyzed and presented in form of tables and graphs. At one-year post vaccination the overall incidence of typhoid reduced from 28.2 % to 15.7%. The incidence in the vaccinated participants was 8.7% as compared to 24.7 % in the non-vaccinated participants. Additionally, there was significant reduction in disease severity in the group that had typhoid post vaccination by 50%. For instance, before vaccination, 82% were treated for more than 21 days as compared to 44% after vaccination. Moreover the number of people requiring sick leave dropped from 60% to 30%. Further analysis showed that vaccination against typhoid was less costly and more effective (CE-ratio = Kshs - 1812/case.). Furthermore the community incurred an expenditure of Kshs. 1,123,200 while treating typhoid within a period of one year. The investigator concludes that the vaccination intervention was less costly and more effective as compared to treatment. The findings will also enable consumers and decision makers to make informed choice of intervention based on the value they are getting for each strategy