Kenyatta University Repository
Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Bacterial Vaginosis Prevalence and Its Associated Risk Factors among Women at Kiambu Level-5 Hospital, Kenya
(Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2023-11) Omwono, Susan Akinyi; Arodi Washingtone; Molly Maundu; Rioki, Josephine Nyabeta; Mutuku, Onesmus Muia
Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a commonly experienced vaginal disorder in women. It
occurs when the beneficial lactobacillus species are replaced by anaerobic and facultative bacteria,
leading to a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Its diagnosis remains a big challenge in developing
countries such as Kenya. Gram stain and Nugent scoring of the bacterial morphotypes is the
recommended method of diagnosis, but is tedious to undertake and require highly skilled
microscopists. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BV among women at
Kiambu Level-5 Hospital and to establish the risk factors associated with it.
Methodology: The Cross-sectional study was carried out at Kiambu Level-5 hospital, department
of Pathology between April 2023 and June 2023. We included 196 women between the ages 18-55
who were enrolled by convenience sampling and screened for bacterial vaginosis using Gram
staining and microscopy for bacterial morphotypes.
Results: Out of the 196 participants 46 were positive for BV (23.0%) while 150 (77.0%) were
negative. Yeast cells (candidiasis) was found in 23 participants (11.7%) while 1 participant (0.5%)
had gonococci. Out of the risk factors analyzed, only age had a significant association with BV
(P=0.03)
Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis attained in this study shows that
it is a health concern among women in Kiambu, Kenya particularly those aged between 41-45
years. There is need to educate women on how to avoid BV and to empower them to recognize the
signs and symptoms, in order to seek treatmen
Mathematical Modelling Of The Impact Of Misinformation On TheSpread Of Covid-19
(IOSR, 2024-05-05) Thiong’o, John; Awuor, Kennedy
In order to understand how misinformation affects the spread of COVID-19, this research project is developing a mathematical model. Every continent has been affected by the respiratory disease COVID-19, which is brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus swiftly spread because of the unprecedented speed at which information, particularly false information, has spread in this century. A mathematical model will be put forth in this study to examine the effect of incorrect information on COVID-19 dissemination. The reproduction (RO) which is the average number of new infections caused by infected person, will be obtained inorder to assess the illiness’s contagiousness. In addition, the model’s equilibrium point stability conditions will be established, giving new information about how the disease will behave over the long term. In order to solve the model, the Runge-Kutta method will be used. This will enable the investigation of the effects of changing parameters as well as the simulation of various scenarios. Understanding how misinformation affects the spread of COVID-19 will help researchers develop strategies that will effectively combat misinformation and limit the disease’s spread, thereby reducing the overall impact of the disease.
Exploring the Effect of Learning Resource Availability on Student Outcomes in Makueni County: An in-Depth Analysis
(jopea, 2024) Mulatya Florah,; muna, wilson; Kipchumba Heather
The implementation of CBC has faced a lot of challenges since it adoption and has generally
failed to achieve its intended outcomes among learners. For instance, lack of sufficient class
learning and teaching materials and not enough quality textbooks and inadequate human resource
remains a challenge in the implementation of the competency-based curriculum. In light of the
foregoing, this study sought to explore the effect of availability of learning resources on learners’
outcomes in Makueni County. The study was anchored on Advocacy Coalition Framework;
Descriptive survey research design was preferred for this study. Interpretivist philosophical
paradigm informed the study. A total of 903 Grade 6 teachers from public primary schools in
Makueni, 903 class 6 PTA representatives, 903 chairpersons of public primary schools’ Boards
of Management, 41 Curriculum Support Officers, and 9 sub-county directors of education were
targeted. A total of 349 respondents were sampled representing the subgroups in the target group.
Primary data was gathered from the field by use of a semi structured questionnaire and an
interview guide. Quantitative data underwent descriptive, regression, and inferential analyses,
whereas qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the
availability of learning resources plays a significant role in shaping learners' outcomes in
Makueni County, as indicated by R-squared of 0.584. This indicates that 58.4% of the variation
in learners' outcomes was explained by the availability of learning resources. Additionally, the
study found a positive and significant relationship between learning resource availability and
learner outcomes (β=0.669, p=0.000<0.05). The study concludes that access to quality learning
materials and facilities forms the backbone of an effective educational system in the County. In
view of the findings, the study recommends that management in the education sector should
prioritize the allocation of learning resources in Makueni County schools, focusing on areas with
the highest dissatisfaction rates.
circumcision Contestation Among African Christians in the Advent of a Rejuvenation of African Cultural Practices
(ijmart, 2024) Kamau, Patrick Maina; Katola, Michael T.; Waweru, Humphrey M.
Circumcision among many African communities is a
vital and common rite of passage. Traditionally the rite was
performed on both male and female teenagers but with the coming
of the Europeans and the conversion of African communities to
Christianity, female circumcision was discarded and eventually
outlawed. Male circumcision survived despite European pressure.
Many Europeans viewed circumcision as a psychologically
hazardous exercise that was detrimental to the initiates’ physical
health and a waste of valuable time that could be better utilised
economically. Missionaries associated circumcision rituals with
paganism laced with many outdated practices, thus there was need
to Christenize the rites. The missionary fashioned the circumcision
rite of passage into what they felt was in line with Christian values.
Most of the circumcision rituals were discarded. The circumcision
rite changed from a communal affair to an individual family
affair. In the beginning of the third millennium, the church took
started organizing circumcision camps for boys in churches in a
bid to align the traditional practice to Christian values. This
became the norm as the Kikuyu community’s cultural practices
had overtime been inclined to the Euro Christian culture. At the
same time a rejuvenation of Kikuyu culture was taking shape. The
rejuvenation was given the impetus it required by the
promulgation of the 2010 Kenyan constitution. From then on
Kikuyu elders started organising their own circumcision camps
targeting teenage Christians that were also targeted by the church.
This has caused discontent among Kikuyu Christians necessitating
a search for possible remedies to the contestation in a bid to have
a spiritually fulfilled Kikuyu Christian.
Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intention of Counterfeit Phones Among Master’s Students in Selected Public Universities in Kenya
(2024-01) Muia, Bernard Mulandi; Ragui, Mary
Persistent increase of consumption of counterfeit goods despite government efforts to curtail it has justified further research to determine any factors that may not have been studied conclusively the studying the progression of the illicit goods consumption. The general objective of this study was to comprehend consumer attitude towards intention to purchase counterfeit mobile phones among masters’ students in Kenya. Specifically, the study focused on effects of materialism attitude, subjective norm attitude and moral intensity attitude on purchase intention of counterfeit mobile phones among masters’ university students in Nairobi. The study was premised on three theories, Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Attitude Function Theory. The study adopted descriptive survey design and used purposive sampling to select the four public university campuses to target from the 10 public universities licensed to operate in Nairobi's central business district and subsequently used stratified random sampling to choose the target respondents in the selected campuses. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data for the study. Quantitative data was captured and organized using statistical package for social sciences and analysed using descriptive statistics which was shown using percentages frequencies and standard deviation. Inferential statistics comprising Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis were utilized to demonstrate the relationship between the independent and dependant variables. Content analysis was utilized to analyse qualitative data. Data was presented in the form of graphs and tables for simplicity of interpretation. This study will assist policy makers in coming up with plans to fight counterfeiting. The study found that materialism attitude, subjective norm attitude and moral intensity had a positive significant effect towards purchase intention of counterfeit phones among university students in Kenya. The study concluded that the consumers with a high level of materialism trait would be a very prospective segment for sustainable luxury brands. Subjective norm is a person’s perception of pressure in the social environment that is accepted so that it shows certain behaviour through considerations made by someone. Through moral intensity attitude individuals encounter moral or ethical issues within the personal environments of their daily living. The study recommended that high-materialism consumers should be driven to acquire goods and phones primarily to symbolize and communicate status and success messages to others. In terms of brands, more attention should be paid to consumers’ emotional needs and sensitivity. Organizations should emphasize the importance of moral judgment and attitude in explaining behavioural intentions and ethical behaviour in shaping demand for phones and also other goods.