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Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Growth in Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Muhdhar, Nuru Abdurahman
Economic growth of any nation is key to that economic as it contributes significantly to the development and wellbeing of that economy. These major benefits are dependent on many factors including foreign capital flows that need to be addressed through the management of the country’s fiscal policies. Ideally, a country's economic development is anticipated to enhance living standards by providing education, healthcare access, infrastructure, housing, quality food supply, improved roads, and similar amenities. However, this is not always the case. Economic growth of Kenya has recently attracted attention due to widespread erratic volatility in its growth despite huge increase in foreign capital flows. Therefore, the resolve of this research is to ascertain the effect of foreign capital flows on economic expansion in Kenya. In particular, the research explored the effect of foreign direct investment, remittances, foreign portfolio investment and foreign debt on economic expansion of Kenya. The research was underpinned on the Keynesian theory, Wagner’s Law and Solow-Swan theory. The correlational explanatory research approach was used in the study. The target audience was Kenya as a country which is also the unit of analysis. Secondary data, was acquired with the aid of documentary guides and data sheets from World Bank, CBK and KNBS. Diagnostic tests (Auto correlation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, normality, co-integration and unit root test) was carried out before data analysis. Multiple linear time series regression model was adopted. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, mean, and standard deviation, along with inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression analysis, was employed in data analysis and displayed in frequency distribution tables, charts, and graphs. The research suggested that foreign direct investment, remittances, foreign portfolio investment and foreign debt, when analyzed individually, each had a statistically significant bearing on the economic growth in Kenya with p-values of 0.047, 0.028, 0.046 and 0.000 respectively. As a result, these hypotheses were rejected at 5% significance level. The report recommended that Kenya government should seek to improve the investments climate and business environment in the country to attract mode FDI which can be able to have a significant role on economic growth. Having policies that encourage FDI and marketing the country as a desirable investment destination would be a good starting point. Equally, it recommends that the government should devised a foreign policy that places great importance on the diaspora. Additionally, this article advocates for the Kenyan government to implement a holistic strategy to promote foreign investment, acknowledging its crucial role in stimulating economic growth and development. Moreover, the government ought to execute various strategic efforts aimed at optimizing and clarifying the investment process. Ultimately, it recommends that the Kenyan government aims to decrease its budget deficit to GDP ratio to an average of 4 percent prior to 2030. The fiscal policy has inadequately addressed rising debt levels, thereby jeopardizing the Government's pursuit of fiscal debt sustainability. Consequently, the National Assembly ought to enact a fiscal law establishing a maximum threshold for the fiscal deficit to GDP ratio, which the National Treasury must not surpass at any time, aligning with the long-term debt strategy to prevent the public debt to GDP ratio from escalating uncontrollably.
Change management strategies and performance of Safaricom public limited in kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2026-11) Murimi, Anne
In the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry, companies face continuous challenges such as government regulations, competition, shifting consumer preferences, technological advancements, and globalization. To remain competitive, firms must embrace strategic change that enables quick adaptation to market dynamics. This study examined the effect of change management strategies on the performance of Safaricom Public Limited in Kenya, focusing on re-engineering, restructuring, innovation, and leadership alignment. The findings aimed to guide telecom firms in addressing technological disruptions and competition through proactive change strategies. The study was anchored on Kurt Lewin’s Change Management Model, Balanced Scorecard Theory, Transaction Cost Economics Theory, and Contingency Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 240 employees at Safaricom’s Nairobi head office. Using stratified random sampling, 72 functional managers were selected as respondents. Data was collected using a five-point Likert scale semi-structured questionnaire. Instrument reliability was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha, with all variables achieving scores above 0.7, indicating strong internal consistency. A pilot test ensured validity. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented narratively. The results revealed a strong positive correlation (R = 0.823) between change management strategies and Safaricom’s performance. The R² value of 0.677 indicated that about 67.7% of performance variance could be explained by change management strategies. A p-value of 0.003 confirmed the significant influence of re-engineering, restructuring, innovation, and leadership alignment on organizational performance. Re-engineering was found crucial in enhancing operational efficiency, while restructuring improved flexibility and alignment with market demands. Innovation promoted competitiveness and market expansion, whereas effective leadership alignment fostered collaboration, engagement, and accountability. The study concludes that change management strategies substantially enhance Safaricom’s performance by driving operational efficiency, revenue growth, and customer satisfaction. It recommends that managers prioritize continuous re-engineering and innovation to maintain agility and responsiveness. Additionally, the Government of Kenya should create supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage effective restructuring and innovation in the telecommunications sector. The findings provide a strategic roadmap for managers and policymakers seeking to strengthen organizational transformation and sustainability within Kenya’s rapidly changing telecom environment
Tathmini ya Uainishaji wa Tanzu na Vijitanzu vya Fasihi Simulizi katika Vitabu Vilivyoidhinishwa: Kaunti ya Makueni
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Munyao, Carolyne Nzilani
Utafiti huu unahusu tathmini ya uainishaji wa tanzu na vijitanzu vya fasihi simulizi katika vitabu vilivyoteuliwa kufunza fasihi simulizi ya Kiswahili kwa walimu na wanafunzi katika Shule za Upili Kenya, Kaunti ya Makueni. Utafiti ulilenga kuonyesha ukinzano wa idadi ya tanzu na vijitanzu na matatizo yanayokumba wanafunzi na walimu katika uainishaji wa fasihi simulizi. Masuala matatu yalilengwa katika utafiti huu: kubainisha tofauti katika uainishaji wa tanzu na vijitanzu vya fasihi simulizi katika vitabu vilivyoidhinishwa, kubainisha vigezo vilivyotumiwa na kupendekeza suluhisho kwa utata unaotokana na tofauti hizi za uainishaji. Nadharia mbili zilitumiwa:ya Tanzu na ya Ujifunzaji na Upokeaji wa Lugha ya Pili (Second Language Learning and Acquisition) iliyoasisiwa na Krashen (1982) ambapo haipothesia ya mchakato (Input hypothesis) zilitumiwa kufanikisha malengo ya utafiti huu. Haipothesia hii ilihusu sheria katika upokezi wa lugha, kusonga kutoka kwa dhana rahisi hadi ngumu na uelewa wa maarifa kutoka (i+1) ambapo i ni maarifa yaliyopo tayari na 1 ni maarifa yanayopatikana baadaye kupitia ujifunzaji. Nadharia ya Tanzu ilijikita kwa maswali je, tanzu zipo? Je, kuna idadi mahsusi ya tanzu? na Je, tanzu zinajisimamia au zinaingiliana? Nadharia hii ililenga uainishaji wa tanzu na vigezo vya uainishaji. Uteuzi wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kuteua vitabu vilivyoidhinishwa na taasisi ya kukuza mitaala vya kufundishia fasihi simulizi kwa shule za upili, vitabu hivi viliwapa watafiti data ya kimsingi (maktabani) ilhali data endelezi (nyanjani) ilitokana na wanafunzi na walimu. Shule nne za upili ziliteuliwa ambapo wanafunzi ishirini wa kidato cha nne walihojiwa. Aidha, walimu wawili wa Kiswahili katika kila shule waliteuliwa na kuhojiwa. Muundo wa utafiti huu ni wa kimaelezo. Data iliyopatikana ilichanganuliwa kwa mtindo wa kimaelezo na kuwasilishwa kwa maelezo fafanuzi na majedwali. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalibainisha kuwa vitabu tofauti vilivyoidhinishwa kufundishia fasihi simulizi kwa shule za upili vilikuwa na uainishaji unaotofautiana wa tanzu na vijitanzu vya fasihi simulizi. Baadhi ya vitabu vina tanzu nne, vingine tano na vingine sita. Pamoja na hayo, utafiti ulibaini kuwa uainishaji wa tanzu na vijitanzu vya fasihi simulizi unategemea vigezo na misingi mbalimbali inayofuatwa na wataalamu katika kuandika matini za fasihi simulizi kama vile; muundo, maudhui, wakati, mtindo, wahusika na kadhalika. Ilibainika kuwa, ni kwa sababu hii kunatokea utata katika vitabu vilivyoidhinishwa. Kwa mujibu wa nadharia ya Ujifunzaji na Upokeaji wa Lugha ya Pili, iwapo mada zitawasilishwa kwenye vifaa kwa njia isiyo wazi basi kutakuwa na changamoto kwa wasomaji. Aidha, kupitia hojaji, wasailiwa walikiri kuwa kuna utata katika ufundishaji na usomaji wa fasihi simulizi kutokana na hali hii. Hivyo basi, mtafiti alipendekeza kuwa, mada za fasihi simulizi zinastahili kuratibiwa upya ili ziwafae wanafunzi na walimu katika shule za upili. Utafiti huu ni wa manufaa kwa watafiti, wahakiki, waandishi wa vitabu vya fasihi simulizi, walimu na wanafunzi wa Shule za Upili na waratibu wa mitaala.
Developmental Screening for Enhancing Early Language Intervention for Children (0-24 Months) At Well-Baby Clinics in Kibera, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Moraa, Shanice Kemunto
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the mHealth developmental screening tool in enhancing early language intervention for children aged 0-24 months at well-baby clinics in Kibera, Kenya. The objectives aimed to identify the barriers to effective developmental screening of children aged 0-24 months, assess the effectiveness of the mHealth developmental screening tool in identifying language delays in children aged 0-24 months, and determine the factors limiting early language intervention for children aged 0-24 months in Kibera, Kenya. The maturational theory of child development by Arnold Gesell guided the study. The study used a descriptive survey research design, and an accessible sample of 248 respondents comprising children aged 0-24 months, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. To sample the clinics and children aged 0-24 months, the study applied purposive sampling, while convenience sampling was applied for the caregivers and healthcare providers. The instruments’ validity and reliability were tested and verified in a health clinic in Kibera with similar characteristics to the clinics under study. Data was collected by interviewing caregivers using the mHealth developmental screening tool, administering questionnaires to caregivers, and interviewing the healthcare providers in the clinics. Using descriptive statistics, quantitative data were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages. The qualitative data obtained in the study were analyzed and coded thematically. According to the study findings, most caregivers and healthcare providers lacked knowledge in regards to developmental screening and early language intervention. Financial constraints, lack of screening locations, inadequate training and resources, lack of a standardized screening tool, insufficient staff and workload, as well as time constraints, hindered developmental screening in the MCH clinics. Additionally, the scarcity of facilities and professionals offering early language intervention in Kibera, negative attitudes and beliefs concerning developmental delays, and inappropriate screening strategies and referral procedures were factors limiting early intervention for children with language delays in Kibera. The study also established that the mHealth Developmental Screening tool effectively identifies language delays in children, especially those aged between 7 and 24 months. The study concluded that the mHealth developmental screening tool has the potential to enhance early language intervention through timely identification of children with language delays and referral to speech-language pathologists. The study further recommended that policies should be implemented to facilitate awareness programs in Kibera, implementation of appropriate screening strategies and referral procedures, adoption of a standardized screening tool, employment of more healthcare providers, and enhancing accessibility to screening locations and early intervention programs for young children who have developmental delays in Kibera
Women in Social Reconstruction and Sustainable Peace: A Case of Turkana County-Kenya (2013 - 2022)
(Kenyatta University, 2024-10) Odeka, Antonine Atieno
This study examined the critical role of women in social reconstruction and sustainable peace in Turkana County, Kenya, during the post-conflict period from 2013 to 2022. The research was driven by the problem of persistent marginalization of women in formal peacebuilding processes, despite their extensive informal contributions to post-conflict recovery. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate the roles women play in rehabilitating damaged or collapsed social sectors; (2) assess their involvement in facilitating long-term social integration; and (3) analyze the challenges they face in social reconstruction initiatives. Guided by Feminist Theory and Conflict Transformation Theory, the study sought answers to how and to what extent women contribute to sustainable peace, and what barriers limit their participation in formal reconstruction processes. This research is significant as it offers a gender-sensitive perspective on post-conflict development and informs future policy and community-based interventions in fragile regions like Turkana. A descriptive survey design was employed, utilizing questionnaires and interview schedules to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from purposively selected participants, including women leaders, youth, local chiefs, and general community members. Data were analyzed using SPSS for quantitative responses and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Purposive sampling was used to select participants with relevant experience, yielding a sample size of 150. Validity was ensured through expert review and a pilot study, while reliability was assessed using the test–retest method to confirm instrument consistency. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to interpret the findings. The study revealed that women actively contribute to peacebuilding through small-scale trade, poverty eradication programs, education advocacy, intercommunity discourse, and emotional support networks. However, challenges such as cultural norms, limited access to resources, and exclusion from formal decision-making structures hinder their full participation. The findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive policies and community frameworks that recognize and enhance the roles of women in social reconstruction for lasting peace in Turkana County