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Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Case of National Bank of Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 2025-01) Wachira, Mary Wanjiru; Wainaina, Lawrence
Improving organizational performance which entails using organizational resources correctly to achieve set goals and objectives is an important aspect for every organization that seeks to survive in the crowded and competitive market. This has led to banks and other organizations adopting a strategic leadership style to ensure they perform at the optimum. The focus of this investigation was to establish the association between human capital development and how the NBK performs in the market. NBK is a registered commercial bank in Kenya with a countrywide branch network. NBK has continued to perform poorly both in terms of profits and customer deposits even when other banks record improved performance. It was conducted within the national bank of Kenya by involving the head office and 9 branches in the coast region. The study was guided by the resources-based view (RBV) and Transformational leadership theories. The research employed a descriptive survey design. To actualize this, the researcher conducted a census using an interview guide to collect data from 18 senior managers at the national bank head office located at the National Bank Building Harambee Avenue, Nairobi. The study also used a self-administered questionnaire with predetermined responses requiring respondents to pick only one item per question. The tool was administered to 36 branch management staff in the coast region (Malindi, Kilifi, Mtwapa, Nyali, TUM, Bondeni, Changamwe, Nkrumah, and Ukunda). The study registered an 80% return rate which is acceptable for analysis. Analysis for the study data was done using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while the relationship between study variables was tested using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The study analysis show that results of analysis showed that human capital development is statistically significant to organizational performance at ninety-five percent level of confidence. Based on the findings of this study it is recommended that the organization should continuously develop its human capital to make the bank increase its performance in the market
Governance Practices and Exploitation of the Blue Economy; Case of Kenya Maritime Authority in Mombasa County
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-04) Ochieng, Sybil Awino; Muna, Wilson
The blue economy, encompassing industries and activities such as fishing, shipping, tourism, and offshore energy, has become a crucial driver of sustainable development and economic growth for many coastal nations. In Kenya, with its extensive coastline and strategic maritime location, the potential for a robust blue economy is significant. However, realizing this potential requires effective governance practices to ensure sustainable and equitable exploitation of maritime resources. The Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA), as the primary regulatory body overseeing the country's maritime sector, plays a critical role in shaping governance practices that guide the exploitation of the blue economy. Despite the importance of the blue economy industry, the sector still faces challenges including, institutional weaknesses, usage of unsuitable tools and technology, lack of transparency, inadequate enforcement of regulations, and limited stakeholder engagement, which may lead to unsustainable exploitation of marine resources, environmental degradation, and inequitable benefits distribution. This study sought to examine the effects of governance practices on the exploitation of the blue economy at Kenya Maritime Authority in the County of Mombasa. The research specifically looked at how accountability and efficiency practices affected the exploitation of the blue economy. The study was based on stakeholder and agency theories. Descriptive research was employed together with purposive and stratified random sampling. A sample of 129 was selected from the target population of 190 consisting of KMA’s personnel involved in policy decision-making, representatives from associations regulated by the Authority, and non-governmental organizations involved in maritime affairs in Mombasa County. The study yielded both numerical and qualitative data for assessment. Numerical data was gauged into descriptive and inferential statistics which were presented using frequencies, modes, means, graphs, standard deviation, correlations, and regression analysis. The study strictly observed ethical guidelines such as confidentiality, anonymity, and consent throughout the entire survey. The correlation coefficient (R = 0.713) suggests a strong positive relationship between the predictors; accountability practices, efficiency practices, stakeholder engagement, and equitable practices and the dependent variable, exploitation of the blue economy. The R Square value of 0.508 indicates that approximately 50.8% of the variance in the exploitation of the blue economy can be explained by these governance practices. The study conclusively demonstrated that accountability, efficiency, stakeholder engagement, and equitable practices are critical components influencing the exploitation of the blue economy at Kenya Maritime Authority. The study indicated that enhanced accountability mechanisms within KMA lead to improved management of marine resources. The national government should reinforce accountability frameworks within KMA to ensure transparency and responsibility in resource management. This could involve establishing stringent monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track the effectiveness of governance practices in the blue economy. Additionally, the government should facilitate capacity- building initiatives that empower KMA personnel with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement best practices in governance.
Business Risk, Profitability, Asset Structure and Firm Value of Non-Financial Firms Listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 2025-04) Musyimi, Anthony M.; Gatauwa, James M.; Kimutai, Carolyne J.
Pathogen Dynamism and Variability of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus in Kenya
(springer, 2025) Kigaru Antony; Nganga Everlyne M.; Murori Rosemary; Pappu Hanu R.; Runo Steven; Ateka Elijah M.
Rice yellow mottle disease (RYMD) continues to constrain rice production in Africa. Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV),
which belongs to the Sobemovirus genus, is the causal agent of RYMD. In Kenya, previous studies on RYMV mostly
focused on western Kenya, ignoring the central and coastal regions, which are also important areas for rice cultivation in the country. This has resulted in incomplete data on RYMD outbreaks. This study aimed to determine
the prevalence of RYMD in the farmers’ felds, and the genetic diversity of the RYMV based on the coat protein
gene. Field surveys were carried out in Kenya’s rice-growing regions between May and July 2023 to determine
disease incidences using the IRRI Standard Evaluation Scale (SES) for rice. Symptom observations and serological
tests confrmed the presence of RYMV in all surveyed rice cultivation areas. The presence of RYMV was detected
in Kirinyaga, Tana River, and Taita Taveta counties of Kenya, representing the feld report of its occurrence in these
regions. Disease incidence and severity analysis using one-way ANOVA showed no signifcant diference in RYMD
incidence among the rice irrigation schemes (F (6,29)=1.838, P=0.1265). Sequencing results of the coat protein
gene (ORF4 region) revealed that the RYMV isolates in this study could be classifed as S4ke, S4ug, and S4mg strains
in the East Africa lineage. The discovery of the RYMV strain S4mg in Kenya runs counter to the gradual strain of breaking up and moving away that has been established in Africa over the past two centuries. Results showed that RYMV
is present in all the rice-growing regions under study and exhibits intra-strain diversity in Kenya. Incorporating resistance genes into extensively grown rice cultivars is crucial for preventing the spread of the rice yellow mottle virus.
Cholera in Sub-Saharan Africa: Unveiling Neglected Drivers and Pathways to Elimination
(PLOS, 2025) Siamalube Beenzu; Ehinmitan Emmanuel; Runo Steven; Maina Ngotho; Onguso Justus
Cholera is a virulent infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative, comma-shaped
bacteria Vibrio cholerae, after ingesting contaminated food and/or water. If left
untreated, it can kill within 5 days. Since mid-2021 the world has recorded a notable
increase in the seventh cholera pandemic, with high case fatality rate especially in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Oral cholera vaccines are established but not readily available
on the market, or if they are, they are not pocket friendly for low-resource-income
countries. Hence, with the advent of green factory biotechnology, plant-derived edible
vaccines are such a promising approach to supplement conventional vaccine methods. Human travellers are often the major transmitters as they move from region to
region. Poor sanitation and inadequate clean water supply are services not readily
available in most Sub-Saharan African countries, coupled with insufficient surveillance
services, lack of early detection facilities, and the public not having ample awareness
concerning sanitation and hygiene. This article highlights the epidemiology of cholera
in Africa and expounds on what drives the outbreaks of cholera in this region. The
discussion provides an in-depth analysis of the factors leading to the forsaken cholera
drivers, emphasizing economic factors, culture, and environmental influences, particularly within the Sub-Saharan African communities. It presents a strategic blueprint
approach that includes public health awareness, community participation, government
involvement, and exploring emerging research tools. By merging these proposals into
a unified context, a collective and practical methodology would be established to tackle
the impact of cholera epidemiology that has been sidelined in Sub-Saharan Africa