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Health and Safety Risks Associated with Construction of Skyscrapers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ogaso, Peter O.
Skyscrapers are key components of development in a city or town. Since land in Nairobi's central business district and its environs is a very valuable commodity, skyscrapers respond to the need to maximize income that can be derived from a given piece of land in prime locations, leading to an increase in skyscrapers. Health1 and risks in construction1 of skyscrapers in1 Kenya is1 an issue1 of interest to the The1 practitioners, 1 industrialists, consumers, and1 the1 government. A literature review on health and safety in construction reveals that limited information is documented on health and safety risks associated with skyscraper construction in Nairobi. determine health and safety risks associated with objectives of1 and1 this study1 were to1 the construction of skyscrapers, determine the factors influencing the implementation1of health1and safety measures, and lastly to assess the health management and11 control strategies employed in the construction of safety risk1 skyscrapers1 used1 in Nairobi1 City1 County. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized, in which five skyscrapers under construction at various stages in Nairobi City County were purposively selected. A total sample size of 265 respondents from a sampling frame of 790 skyscraper construction workers. Proportionate1 sampling1 was to sample a specific number of respondents11in the five skyscrapers under construction. Semi—structured questionnaires administered through the Open Data Kit platform were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Stata version 17, and frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the predictors. Results show that Unsafe handling of machinery and equipment, and of electricity, were the likely health and safety risk factors during the construction of skyscrapers. A significant proportion of respondents in the survey reported unlikely occurrences of multiple types of risk factors, such as falling objects, failure to use PPE, working at height, falling from a height, and unprotected edges. Health and safety risk occurrence was statistically associated with gender (Fisher's exact p=0.008) and age (Fisher's exact p=0.004). The study established that pressure from clients was the primary reason for implementing health and safety measures in the construction of skyscrapers, while reducing accidents was the least important. Reducing accident occurrence was the least likely factor workers considered when accounting for factors determining health and safety measures. The study concluded that 77.7% of risk management strategies were appropriately implemented, while 22.3% were not in the skyscrapers under construction. Finally, to ensure risk management and control strategies are fully employed, the study recommended that regular safety inspections and audits be conducted on skyscraper construction sites to reduce the health and safety burden.
School-Based and Social Economic factors Influencing Retention of Pupils in Primary Schools in Tharaka South Sub-County, Tharaka
(Kenyatta University, 2016-12) Kithinji, John Elias
l; ltust_smdy mvcslxgal.ed 'scllof)l—bascd and social economic factors that influence retention among pu.plls In primary schools in Tharaka South Sub-county with an Intention of gefitmg Intervention strategics. Objectives of the study were to determine whether retention rate among primary schools in Tharaka South sub-county, has gone up or down, find out which school-based factors influence retention of pupils 1fn Thar:aka South sub—09unly primary schools, and establish which social economic QCto.rs influence retention of pupils in Tharaka South Sub-County primary schools. Slgnlflc?nce. of the study was to reduce wastage and improve access, retention and
Completl_on in Primary schools. The theoretical framework involved two theories,
Academzc.m.edlation theory and poor family socialization theory. The researcher
used descriptive survey design to carry out the study. The study was done in Tharaka
Sou.th Sub-county with a population of 108 primary schools (enrollment of 20529
pupils) and a sample size of 22 schools (373 learners and 22 head teachers).
Instru.ments of study were questionnaires for head teachers and pupils. Sampling
technique was stratified random sampling technique. The researcher attained the
validity of tools used through advice given by supervisors and corrections he made
after piloting the tools. Reliability of the instruments was obtained through test-retest technique and correlation computed using Pearson’s product moment. Piloting
was carried out in two schools of the sub-cou
Challenges Facing Deputy Principals in Maintaining Students Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Imenti South, Meru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2016-11) Mugambi, Dorothy Ngugi
Discipline is tl ABSTRACL e precursor . y -
curricular or co-cl:lrriculaxl' e?:;w?tis;;?cislslrset:tei :Eiil\gi:tr:"ijc?: eml}:e s‘l:)hOOI cither
by parents and the members of the society regarding poor disci I;:Le_ as bien conc;,ms
schools. This study, therefore, sought to determine th':a challen; Gl A i X e ( ges that deputy principals
face in maintaining discipline in public secondary schools in Imenti South District of
Meru County. The objectives of the stud; firstl i i e o ly were, firstly, to examine the causes of student
indiscipline in secondary schools. Secondly, to find out the disciplinary methods used
by Deputy Principals in dealing with student discipline. Thirdly, to establish how
parents influence the maintenance of student discipline by Deputy Principals. Finally,
to find out the Deputy Principals’ preparedness in maintaining discipline in public
secqldary schools in Imenti South District. The study employed a descriptive survey
design. The study targeted a population of 80 principals, 80 deputy principals and 800
teachers from all the public secondary schools in Imenti South. Random sampling was
used to select a sample of 30 principals, 30 deputy principals, and 160 teachers as the
responder!ts for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires for the principal,
deputy principals and the teachers. Before collecting the data, a pilot study was carried
out in three schools. To ascertain reliability of the instruments, test-re-test technique
was used and then correlated using Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation. The
coefficient of reliability for this study was 0.81, implying that the instruments were
reliable. Content validity was used employing expert review by the supervisors.
Quantitative data collected was coded and entered into the computer and then analyzed
using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and discussed according to the
study objectives...
Effects of Integrated Computer-Assisted Instruction on Students’ Academic Achievement in Chemistry in Secondary Schools of Gatundu North Sub-County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017-11) Muiruri, Hiram
The problem addressed 1 this study was poor performance in Chemistry at KCSE level. The spocific pap addressed was the nature of Chemistry where many of the concepts, thoories, laws and principles are abstract, difficult to visualisc and thercfore difficult to undorstand leading to poor performance by students in Chemistry. The study sought to find o, if integration of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) would help to concretize such abstract ooncepts, make them more real, leading to better understanding, hence better performance in Chemistry. A topic in Chemistry “Structure and Bonding” was used m the study becausc it is abstract. An experimental design was used whereby experimental group was cxposed to Computer Assisled Instruction (CAI), while control group was taught using Conventional Instructional Technique (CIT) only. The target population was 2,060 form two students in 30 secondary schools within Gatundu North sub-oounty in Kiambu County. Sample size was 230 students from six secondary schools purposively sclected to have schools with computers for instructions. To have relative uniform samples, schools with close mean grades in Chemistry at KCSE were used and for gender-based comparison, all the schools used were mixed boys’ and girls” day schools. The study had four objectives. These were: To find out if integration of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) influenced students’ academic achievement in Chemistry as compared to Conventional Instructional Technique (CIT). To find out if there is significant difference in performance when integrated (CAI) is applied in teaching lonic Bonding compared to when (CIT) is used. To find out if there is mfluence of integration of (CAI) on academic performance of students in Covalent Bonding compared to when (CIT) is used. Compare performance of boys to that of girls in Chemistry when (CAl) is integrated and when (CIT) is used. Piloting was done in a different school from the sampled schools. This was done to test the instruments for validity and reliability. Data was collected using two instruments; Pre-test and Post-test. Pre-test instrument was administered to both control and experimental groups before treatment. Post-test instrument was administered to both groups after the treatment of samples. Data collected was analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. The mean marks were compared using Chi-square and Pearson paired t-test to establish if there was significant difference. Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 11.5 for Windows) were used as tools for analysis. Results of analysis of pre-test indicated that both control and experimental groups had equivalent performance before treatment. The performance of learners in post-test indicated that experimental group had better results than control group, meaning that CAI had positive influence on leamers’ performance. On gender, both boys and girls did better with integration of CAL However, boys did better than girls did. The experimental group performed better in Ionic Bonding and also in Covalent Bonding than the Control group. Therefore, integration of CAI had positive effect on learning of Chemistry. The study recommended integration of CAI in Schools, Implementation of ICT policies in education that are already in existence.
Contribution of Income Generating Activities to Secondary Schools' Budgets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2016-10) Mugo, Caroline Wambui
public expenditure it s 16
:,i“;\l:T\L;::L:;ill:‘i;l?s;lfrm%‘:\lf':];t: ;]1i_lllcr 9[" great concern given ‘lhat it w'/cighs very
been motivated by the '~ ) eed or [x]sllluhQns to g‘ener'ate lhel'l’ own 1n§ome‘ has » °d by the 8-4-4 system of education which is heavily vocationalized. Government system still leave fees-guidelines financial which gup | ll) principals pals h have to adhere dh to and ?he cost sharingari
Kl'w soverment Kas gdvised gthp in :18 school. To find a way 'oul Of!.hls fisFaI _dIS[.WSS,
reso(lrces S 65 Tl g IefSC_\ppls managers to mobilize avanllable msmuuopal
e et caey lennitn > physical facilities and equipment to generate income to provide ¢ & resources to enable the schools to run efficiently. The purpose of lhIS study was to establish the contribution of IGAs to secondary school budgets in !\lrln)'aga East Sub-County. The main objective of the study is to assess how much
income schools generate from Income Generating Activities and to determine how m}lch they supplement the government subsidies. The study was significant in that it will Iez_id to the improvement of strategies of financing education by identifying
alternative sources of financing basic education in Kenya to cater for the financial gaps that need additional funding in schools. The study was based on the Theory of the firm also known as the model of profit maximization by Wilkinson, 1994. It employed a
descriptive survey design. The target population consisted 26 heads of schools and the
BOM chairpersons making a total of 52 respondents. Simple Random Technique was
applied and in this case, the researcher sampled all the 26 schools in Kirinyaga East
Sub-County. Data collection was done using questionnaires, interview schedules and
observation checklists which were organized according to pertinent aspects of the study,
analyzed and reported using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, charts, graphs and
percentages. The study findings were that some schools engaged in IGAs including
agricultural based IGAs that included dairy farming and crop production; service based
1GAs including hire of classrooms and halls and commercial based IGAs for instance
the canteen. The main challenges of 1GAs included lack of sufficient funding, land
limitation and poor record keeping. The study concluded that the contribution of IGAs
can be a useful source of additional income as seen in the study whereby schools were
able to purchase teaching and learning materials including computers and equipping