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Organizational Capabilities and Performance of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Karanja, Teresia Thiori
The Kenya’s aviation sector has encountered a number of obstacles which has it establish systems and procedures that promote effective governance and administration. However, the organization faces several challenges that have prevented it from achieving its desired goals and objectives. Therefore, the study concentrated on investigating how organizational capabilities influence the performance of the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The capabilities examined were; management commitment, organizational structure, and resource allocation. The study was guided by the balanced scorecard model, contingency theory, and resource-based view theory. This study utilized an explanatory research design. The study focused on the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority. The intended population consisted of 173 individuals, including senior executives, middle management, and junior operational personnel within the KCAA headquarters. In this specific research, the participants were categorized according to their associations with various firms. The number of respondents in the sample was 120. This research utilized primary data gathered via a semi-structured questionnaire. This study included 19 participants in a preliminary investigation conducted at Kenya Airports Authority. A validation test for construct and content was performed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha evaluated the instrument's reliability through internal consistency. Qualitative data was gathered via open-ended questions, analyzed using content analysis methods, and conveyed in narrative style that aligns with the objectives of the study. Information was collected via surveys and analyzed using fundamental statistics like mean and variance. Tables and figures were employed to showcase the results from quantitative data. The research revealed a notable positive effect of management commitment, resource distribution, and organizational structure on performance. The research highlights that a dedicated management team guarantees that the KCAA complies with global safety standards and regulations, minimizing the chances of accidents and incidents. Efficient allocation of resources guarantees that personnel, equipment, and technology are provided where they are most required, minimizing waste and duplication. A clearly defined organizational structure creates distinct lines of authority, decision-making pathways, and accountability within the KCAA, enhancing efficiency, minimizing duplicated efforts, and ensuring employees comprehend their specific roles and responsibilities. The research suggests that the organization ought to hold regular training workshops for management to improve their leadership abilities, emphasizing strategic planning, decision-making, and performance management. The organization should utilize data analytics tools to forecast demand for aviation services, enabling proactive resource allocation based on anticipated needs. The organization should gather insights from employees, management, and external stakeholders to understand the effectiveness of the existing structure
Corporate Governance Practices and Solid Waste Management: A Case of Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kedipa, Michael Kasilon
The management of solid waste remains a major challenge in emerging economies. Globally, countries continue to struggle with disposal and overall management of millions of tons of waste in cities and the need to manage the same sustainably. The management of this waste has attracted enhanced attention as tons upon tons of it lie uncollected across streets. This inconveniences human life, pollutes the environment and poses a greater public health risk to the population. Municipal authorities’ limited capacity to collect and dispose solid waste safely coupled with exponential growth of African cities population has brought about the growing problem of managing solid waste. Nairobi City, with an estimated population of over 4.4 million, generates solid waste of about 2,400 metric tons daily. At least 20% of this waste is plastic. The capacity to manage all this waste effectively, rapid increase in the population and a myriad of challenges in the management of solid waste, increases the degradation of the environment. One of the key components of effective solid waste management is good governance. This research aimed to investigate the influence of corporate governance on solid waste management in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specific objectives of the research were to investigate the influence of decision-making, resource allocation, implementation plan and board composition on solid waste management. Stewardship and Resource Dependence theories anchored the study. Descriptive research design, simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to meet the research objectives’ requirements. The study targeted 300 members of staff who were drawn from solid waste department of Nairobi City County and National Environmental Management Authority officials. Data was gathered through a closed questionnaire from a sample size of 90. Of these, there were 74 respondents representing a response rate of 82.2%. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. From the results, it emerged that decision-making (B = .214, p = .001), resource allocation (B = .258, p = .000) and board composition (B = .463, p = .000) positively and significantly influenced solid waste management in Nairobi City County. On the other hand, the implementation plan was not found to be statistically significant to the management of solid waste (B = .099, p = .130). The research concluded that proper decision-making and resource allocation as well as board composition, were useful to the management of solid waste. These factors were found to save time, control overspending, and allocate resources as they were needed for the purposes of solid waste management. Additionally, these also contributed to efficiency and better service delivery for the management of solid waste. The study recommends that there is a need for the county government of Nairobi to use budgets prudently and communicate effectively with the public on various plans for solid waste management. Further, the study recommends that the department should seek more partnerships with local and international agencies as well as better national government collaboration and better planning in general. Future research should consider examining additional governance factors, including leadership styles, accountability mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement, to provide a better understanding of their influence on solid waste management.
Project Environment and Performance of Kiambu Dairy Project, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Karanja, Cyrus Gitatha
Unfavorable project environments are arguably a major contributor to poor project performance in the dairy sector in Kenya. It goes without saying that poor project performance in this important sector of the national economy brings with it immense losses in productivity, low employee engagement and lost economic opportunities for the country. High project performance on the other hand means improved productivity, high levels of creativity and innovation, enhanced employee engagement, and high client satisfaction and is therefore highly desirable. Looking at the dairy sector in Kenya, Kiambu County is known for its relatively well-developed dairy industry. This has attracted different players including private investors as well as development partners who have put in resources in dairy projects such as the Kiambu Dairy Project. The project targeted dairy farmers in Limuru Sub-County and involved the installation of an ultra-heat treated (UHT) milk plant at Limuru Dairy Farmers Co-operative Society in collaboration with the County Government of Kiambu, National Agricultural and Rural Inclusive Project, and the World Bank. Its implementation, however, has been dogged by poor performance characterized by conflicts amongst project stakeholders, low levels of productivity in the project team as well as anti-corruption investigations resulting in delays in project execution. This study sought to diagnose the gaps in project execution for the Kiambu Dairy Project, by evaluating how the project environment affected its performance. The research specifically sought to establish the degree to which project structure, project culture, project governance, and technological advancement influenced the performance of Kiambu Dairy Project in Kenya. Theories supporting the study included contingency theory, systems theory, goal-setting theory, and resource-based view theory. Both exploratory and descriptive research designs were employed. In this study, the census method was used where the entire project team comprising 94 individuals were targeted. The research instrument utilized for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire was checked using Cronbach’s Alpha before commencement of data collection. Quantitative data collected was examined using descriptive analysis techniques. Concurrently, the qualitative data underwent content analysis. Moreover, the research investigated the strength and influence between study variables through regression and Pearson correlation analysis. The analysis of project culture indicated generally positive perceptions, with leadership promoting and embodying cultural values. Regarding project structure, the findings clarified the work breakdown structure and role definition. Project governance was generally well-established, with clearly defined policies and alignment with project objectives. Technological advancement emerged as a significant factor in enhancing project performance, with automation tools, digital record-keeping, and modern dairy technologies yielding positive results. Inferential statistics further validated these results, with all variables showing positive correlations with project performance. Technological advancement had the strongest correlation, followed by project structure, culture, and governance. Additionally, the regression analysis confirmed that the four predictor variables explained 71.7 percent of the variation in project performance. On the other hand, the content analysis revealed that respondents recognize collaboration, transparency, and mutual respect to enhance teamwork, decision-making, and motivation among team members. Further, respondents suggested team-building activities, mentorship, and clear conflict-resolution mechanisms to improve project culture. The participants also identified effective communication, clearly defined roles, standardized tools, and formal reporting lines as key factors in reducing ambiguity. Technological advancements were seen as important, with respondents highlighting the benefits of project management software, data analytics, and automation tools in improving efficiency, decision-making, and performance monitoring. From the foregoing, this study recommends that the project’s management team embraces a more flexible and responsive framework. It also recommends regular review of the work breakdown structure and fine tuning of resource allocation processes to prevent bottlenecks and ensure optimal use of available resources. Additionally, the project team should adopt standardized project management tools. Further that the project management team nurtures an environment where open communication, inclusivity, and shared accountability thrive. Together with this, they should initiate regular team-building activities, mentorship programs, and professional development workshops. The study further recommends that governance policies be documented and routinely reviewed to remain relevant. The project team should also focus on integrating modern digital tools and automation technologies that simplify and enhance operations. Lastly, the project team should utilize data analytics platforms and predictive modeling tools to provide insights that will enable better decision making.
Marketing Promotional Campaigns and Customer Purchase Decisions in Selected Supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Moraa, Rasugu Winnie
The rapid expansion of supermarkets in Kenya has led to a highly competitive market environment, compelling supermarket owners to develop innovative strategies to gain a competitive edge. The main objective of this research was to ascertain the impact of marketing promotional campaigns on customer purchase decisions in selected supermarkets within Nairobi City County. Specifically, the study aimed to determine how advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling influence consumer purchasing behavior in these supermarkets. The research was founded on the Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, and Satisfaction model and the Customer-Based Brand Equity theory. A descriptive research approach was adopted, focusing on supermarkets operating in Nairobi City County. Out of the 165 registered supermarkets, 50 were purposively selected for the study. The sample comprised 400 respondents, identified through purposive sampling. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires, and a pilot study involving 26 participants was done to test the soundness and dependability of the research tools. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics, which were; correlation and regression analysis. The findings were displayed utilizing tables, charts, and graphs for clarity. The results revealed that marketing promotional campaigns such as advertising effectively attract consumer attention, enhance brand awareness, and ultimately drive product sales and revenue growth. Promotional activities were also found to facilitate product differentiation, encourage purchasing through incentives, and create opportunities for cross-selling and upselling. Moreover, personal selling was shown to strengthen customer relationships and foster loyalty through direct engagement and communication. The study concluded that marketing promotional campaigns significantly enhance customer purchasing decisions in supermarkets within Nairobi City County. It also ascertained that demographic factors have a notable moderating effect on the connection between promotional campaigns and consumer purchase behavior. Based on these findings, the research recommends that supermarkets align their pricing strategies with competitors to remain attractive to price-sensitive customers. Additionally, since the presence of shopping assistants was found to have minimal influence on purchase decisions, supermarkets should consider reducing related costs to improve operational efficiency
Project Closure and Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organisation Projects in Turkana County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-04) Kyalo, Juliet M.
Project closure is a critical phase in the project life cycle, involving the finalization of reports, budgets, and other project-related activities, as well as the handover of completed projects to stakeholders and communities to ensure sustainability. Despite its importance, project closure is less explored in project management literature compared to other phases such as initiation, planning, and implementation. This study examined factors influencing project closure and the sustainability of non-governmental organization (NGO) projects in Turkana County, Kenya, focusing specifically on economic empowerment and livelihood initiatives.A mixed-methods research design was employed. The study targeted 100 participants, including NGO staff, government officials, and community beneficiaries, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data from eight key informants were analyzed thematically. Results indicated a statistically significant negative relationship between stakeholder and community engagement and project sustainability, suggesting that the quality of engagement may influence outcomes more than the level of participation. Financial resources for project closure were found to have an insignificant statistical relationship with sustainability, reflecting challenges NGOs face in allocating sufficient funds for audits, compliance, and closure activities. Qualitative findings highlighted key drivers for sustainability, including early planning, community ownership, capacity building, and sharing lessons learned. The study concludes that effective project closure and sustainability in NGOs are influenced by both tangible resources and the quality of stakeholder engagement. Recommendations include strengthening early sustainability planning, enhancing community participation, ensuring adequate financial and human resources allocation for closure activities, and institutionalizing lessons learned to guide future projects. These findings provide valuable insights for NGOs, policymakers, and local stakeholders seeking to improve project closure practices and sustainable outcomes in Turkana County.