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Management of Cattle Rustling Through Community-Based Strategies in Turkana and West Pokot Counties, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kipkorir Koech
Cattle rustlings remain a major cause of insecurity and conflict among the pastoralists in Turkana and West Pokot counties. As a result of the fatalities and loss of properties, the Kenyan government has made concerted efforts to control the vice by forced disarmament of communities living in Turkana and West Pokot counties, increased deployment of police reservists, increased patrols by the government, awareness creation and sensitization of the residents. However, these efforts have not succeeded to control the problem within Turkana and West Pokot counties as they have been more reactive than proactive. Therefore, the study sought to analyse the influence of community-based initiatives on the management of cattle rustling in Turkana and West Pokot counties, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to analysed how joint peace committees, joint natural resource management plans, joint disarmament efforts and how grass-root community-driven initiatives have helped in the management of cattle rustling. The study was a descriptive survey in design. The target population were individuals from Turkana and Pokot ethnic group living within Turkana and West Pokot border area who have been affected by cattle rustling. Systematic random sampling, snowballing and purposive sampling were used in selecting respondents. The findings indicated that the joint peace committee agreement variable had a statistically significant positive influence on the management of cattle rustling, evidenced by a regression coefficient of t-value of 8.863, and a p-value of 0.000. Similarly, the joint natural resource management plan agreement demonstrated a significant effect, with a t-value of 4.495, and a p-value of 0.000. The joint disarmament efforts variable showed a robust and statistically significant relationship with cattle rustling management supported by a t-value of 9.089, and a p-value of 0.000. The grass-root community driven initiatives demonstrated a non-significant effect on management of cattle rustling supported by a t-value of 1.306, and a p-value of 0.193. This study concludes that community-Based strategies contribute to management of cattle rustling. The study recommends on the need to strengthen existing community driven initiatives to effectively manage cattle rustling
Technology and Intelligence Led Policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Mangi,Grace Zawadi
Conventionally, intelligence policing has been based on old technologies like patrols and response calls. However, with the advent of new technologies there is a shift in the way intelligence policing is done. In spite of these criminal cases continue to be reported. This study thus aims at evaluating the use of technology in intelligence policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study’s specific objectives were: to evaluate the effect of performance expectancy of using technology in intelligence policing on investigation of crimes in Nairobi City County, To examine the effect of perceived credibility of using technology in intelligence policing on investigation of crime in Nairobi City County, To analyze the effect of effort expectancy on investigation of crime in Nairobi City County and to assess the effect of the facilitating conditions of using technology in intelligence policing on crime investigations. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Ratcliffe Model were relied on in this study. The research design used was descriptive, with the populace being the DCI department in Nairobi City County comprising of 175 staff from 13 sub departments. The sample was 91 respondents drawn from the target population using stratified sampling. Data was sourced using questionnaires. Additionally, questionnaire was tested to ascertain the validity and reliability. Reliability was done based on the Cronbach’s alpha whose threshold is 0.70 and from the results all variables were reliable. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Based on the regression output in performance expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.807 while the p value is .003 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output perceived credibility has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 1.025 while the p value is .000 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output, effort expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.318 while the p value is .043 which indicates significance. Based on the regression output facilitating conditions has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.616 while the p value is .020 which indicates significance. The study concluded that technology has a significant effect on intelligence led policing in Kenya specifically in crime investigations. Specifically, the study concludes that performance expectancy, perceived credibility, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions of technology have significant and positive effect on the intelligence led policing and crime investigation process. Based on the findings, the study recommends that institutions should prioritize Perceived Usefulness: Officers are more likely to adopt a new technology if they can clearly see how, it helps them perform their jobs better, whether by improving efficiency, reducing crime, or enhancing officer safety. Focus on Ease of Use should also be prioritized: Technology must be user-friendly. Complex systems with steep learning curves can lead to resistance and underutilization, negating any potential benefits.
Macroeconomic Variables and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mukabane, Gloria Valerie
Foreign direct investment has emerged as a noteworthy source of capital flow that links the economies of several emerging nations, including Kenya. As a result, it has become a crucial driver of economic progress in these nations. Over time, foreign direct investments in Kenya have changed, notwithstanding their importance to economic progress. When foreign investors decide to invest or infuse capital into various enterprises, macroeconomic considerations play a significant role. Determining whether Kenya's macroeconomic conditions impact Foreign Direct Investment is therefore crucial. The primary objective of the present investigation is to explore the effects of macroeconomic factors on foreign direct investment in Kenya. The research analysed how inflation, the interest rate, the foreign exchange rate, taxation policy, and the rate of gross domestic product growth affect the inflow of foreign direct investment into Kenya. The study is based on the eclectic paradigm, the purchasing power parity theory, the macroeconomic stability theory and neoclassical growth theory. The research was based on a quantitative correlational type of study design, whereby secondary quarterly time-series data collected by the Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of statistics were used. The study period is the year 1990 to 2024. Sample techniques, investigation approach, data collection strategies, and analysis methods were presented. The information collected was thereafter subjected to different diagnostic tests (heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, stationarity, serial correlation, and normality tests), which are relevant for panel data regression to ensure the validity of the results to be obtained. The data was analyzed based on inferential as well as descriptive statistics and multiple regression modeling. All ethical considerations were duly followed. Findings disclosed that the interest rate negatively and significantly affected foreign direct investment. Inflation rate positively and significantly determines foreign direct investment. Exchange rate influence is said to have affected foreign direct investments positively. Taxation policy provided a significantly positive effect on foreign direct investment. GDP growth rate has a significantly positive effect on foreign direct investment in Kenya. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Kenya ought to pursue a policy of keeping interest rates at rates that do not promote macroeconomic instability, but rates that are not so high as to cause a rise in the cost of borrowing funds that could push away any foreign investors. This was to make Kenya an attractive place to investors because it was easier to earn money in the stable and predictable interest rate environment, fostering a steady flow of capital in the form of investments towards economic growth and development. Such should be accompanied by sensible coordination of fiscal and exchange rate policy so as to achieve a generally supportive climate within which investment takes place
Own Source Revenue and Financial Independence in County Governments: A Case of Marsabit County
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Yate, Abraham Mamo
County Governments in Kenya struggle with low rates of own source revenue generation. Due to this, entities are unable to meet their annual revenue collection targets and realize only modest annual growth in revenue generation. The County Government of Marsabit registered a steady decline in own source revenue collections from the financial years 2019/2020 to 2022/2023. Further, it has not been able to fulfill the annual target established for the period between 2018/2019 and 2022/2023. This research thus sought to investigate own source revenue as an enabler of financial independence of Marsabit County Government in Kenya. particularly, the investigation also sought to establish whether the automation of tax collection, administration of levies and diversification of fees charged enhances financial independence of county government of Marsabit. The research was based on resource-based view theory and the ability to pay theory of taxation. The survey research design has been employed for the investigation. The study population that is targeted was two hundred and forty. A purposive sample of 120 respondents was drawn from a population of 240 county officials and stakeholders and Primary data was gathered using questionnaires. From the available literature, qualitative data was collected. A pilot investigation will be done to determine the reliability and validity of the study instrument. In analysis of data, descriptive study design was utilized. Effective analysis tools were adopted to analyze the data gathered from respondents and were presented in form of tables, pie charts, and graphs. The investigation revealed that automation of tax collection, levy collection, and fee diversification significantly contributed to Marsabit County's financial independence. Automation improved efficiency and minimized errors (regression coefficient = 0.325, p = 0.004), levy collection boosted financial growth (regression coefficient = 0.417, p = 0.001), and diversifying fees strengthened the county’s financial stability (regression coefficient = 0.369, p = 0.002). The study concluded that automation of tax collection, effective levy management, and fee diversification significantly enhance the financial independence of Marsabit County. It recommends investing in automated systems, improving levy collection procedures, and diversifying revenue sources to ensure fiscal sustainability.
Digital Transformation Strategy and Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Musau Nelly Nthenya
In this era of rapidly evolving digital technologies, the banking industry in Kenya must adopt digital transformation to maintain competitiveness and improve the customer experience. However, while there is a growing emphasis on digitisation within the sector, the specific initiatives implemented by commercial banks and their subsequent effects on competitive advantage remain inadequately understood. This research examined how the digital transformation strategy affected the competitive positioning of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research centred on five main objectives: service automation, data analytics, mobile banking applications, employee upskilling, and digital payment solutions strategies. The study relied on five theories: the Generic Competitive Strategies Framework, the Resource-Based View, the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Using a descriptive research design, the study targeted 39 commercial banks grouped according to their sizes, comprising 412 functional heads. The study employed a multi-stage sampling method that combined proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques to recruit participants. Applying Yamane’s formula, a sample of 203 participants was selected. Primary data collection was conducted using structured survey instruments. Preliminary testing was conducted on a small sample of 15 respondents before the main study. Experts in the subject matter pre-tested the research instrument to validate its appropriateness. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used to assess reliability, with a threshold of 0.7 or above deemed satisfactory for internal consistency. The questionnaires were distributed to respondents using digital survey methods. The data analysis process employed descriptive and inferential statistics to summarise the findings. The results were presented in charts, graphs, and tables for easy interpretation and understanding. The study confirmed that service automation, data analytics, mobile banking applications, employee upskilling, and digital payment solutions strategies significantly influenced competitive advantage, although their individual effects varied. The findings suggest that commercial banks should go beyond merely implementing digital technologies and instead focus on strategic integration that enhances customer experience and value creation. Banks should adopt selective automation that retains human interaction for complex services and enhances feedback mechanisms. Further, data governance and investment in advanced, customer-focused analytical tools should be strengthened. Continued innovation in mobile banking is also recommended, including feature enhancements and improved interoperability, supported by strong cybersecurity standards. Employee upskilling should be prioritised through structured training, digital leadership development, and industry-wide certification. Lastly, banks need to re-evaluate their digital payment strategies to focus on user experience, fraud prevention, and differentiated services, with regulators promoting secure and innovation-friendly environments.