Kenyatta University Repository
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XX ISA World Congress of Sociology 2023
(Kenyatta University, 2023-09) Mwangi, Phyllis W.
I attended the XX ISA World Congress of Sociology 2023 held from 25th to 1st September 2023 in Melbourne, Australia. It was themed: Resurgent Authoritarianism: The Sociology of New Entanglements of Religions, Politics, and Economies. The conference brought together linguists, sociologists and other social scientists from all over the world and was organized by the International Sociological Association under whose umbrella, RC25: Language and Society falls. I am a member of both.
Responsibility & Reflexivity in Transitions
(Kenyatta University, 2023-09) Majale, Chrstine
The IST is the central event of the international transitions research community and is organized annually by different partners on behalf of the Sustainability Transitions Research Network (STRN). STRN comprises more than 1500 international researchers from various disciplines and produces more than 500 publications in specialist journals every year. The research network and the annual conference address the question of how the transition to sustainability can succeed through co-evolutionary changes and innovations in socio-technical systems. The 14th IST Conference was held in Utrecht, Netherlands from August 30th to September 1st 2023
Determinants of opportunistic infections among HIV positive patients on HAART at Baptist Medical Centre Ejigbo, south west Nigeria: A cross sectional study
(Elsevier Ltd., 2026-03) Simeone Tyotswam,Yanmeer; Fredrick Apkaghe,Shawon; Ayobami Adamu; Esomchi, Ikechukwu Chukwudi; Imonikhe, Oisamokhai Kenneth; Mbama, Ernest; Blair Kizza; Mumo, Jeremiah M.; Makunyi, Eliphas Gitonga; Kimani, Eunice W.
Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) remain a challenge in patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral
Therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings. OIs exist more frequently and more severe in people with HIV
causing morbidity and mortality even after the era of HAART. This study aimed to identify the determinants and
prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV patients receiving HAART at Baptist Medical Center, Ejigbo.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over a 3-month period in 2022 at Baptist
Medical Center, Ejigbo. HIV-positive adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) attending
outpatient clinics were consecutively enrolled based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data on sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics were collected using a pre-tested structured
interviewer-administered questionnaire. History and presence of opportunistic infections (OIs) were ascertained
through clinical evaluation by trained healthcare providers and review of medical records, following standardized diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistics characterized the study population and prevalence of OIs.
Associations between socio-demographic factors and OIs prevalence were initially tested using Chi-square tests.
Determinants of OIs were identified via binary logistic regression analysis. All test were carried out at a 95%
confidence interval using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: Majority of respondents were within the age group of 41–60 years (48.9%), with a mean age of 45 years.
The sex distribution was a female to male ratio of (3:1). The prevalence of opportunistic infection (OIs) was
36.8%. The determinants of OIs included a prior history of opportunistic infection (COR = 4.500), alcohol use
(COR = 3.400), being on a first-line ART regimen (COR = 3.34), and employment status (COR = 1.953).The most
frequent OIs was Oral thrush (candidiasis) (37.7%), followed by Tuberculosis (TB) (23.5%), Pneumocystis
pneumonia (9.7%), Toxoplasmosis/Crytococcal infections (1.2%) and Herpes zoster (0.6%).
Conclusion: There is a substantial prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV patients receiving HAART in
this setting. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen routine screening for OIs and enhance adherence
support str..
French Institutes for Advanced Study (FIAS) Fellowship
(Kenyatta University, 2023-02) Kweyu, Raphael
I was away for a Research Sabbatical at the Nantes Institute for Advanced Study (IEA Nantes) in France between 4th November 2022 and 30th June 2023. My research activities at the Institute were supported by the French Institutes for Advanced Study (FIAS) and French Development Agency (AFD). During the Sabbatical, I carried out research entitled ‘Investigating the role of mediation in environmental conflicts in the Karamoja cluster of East Africa.’ Additionally, I was involved in research grants proposal writing, participated in research seminars at the IEA-Nantes and attended research workshops in Europe among other activities. My major achievements involved co-authoring one book chapter, submitting one manuscript to the European Journal of Geography and receiving an approval for a research grant from the Volkswagen Foundation. I also co-organized an international research workshop on Society and Invasive Species Control.
Implementation and acceptability of a community based intervention for cervical cancer screening amongst women of reproductive age in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Springer Nature, 2026-03) Mutisya, Redempta and; Gitonga, Eliphas; Maundu, Molly Mukii; Iseme-Ondiek,Rosebella
Objective In Kenya, cervical cancer is the top cause of cancer deaths and second most prevalent cancer among
women aged 15–44. Despite the existence of screening programs, only 13.8% of women participate, with nearly 50%
diagnosed late. Lack of knowledge and embarrassment is linked to low uptake. Post-intervention, uptake of screening
and acceptability of SMS prompts and self-sampling were evaluated.
Methods Women (18+ years), who had never screened, were randomly chosen from a pre-existing database. They
received either usual care (notification of availability of screening services at public health facility), text education, or
interactive in-person sessions with self-sample training.
Results 85 women received health education and self-sample kits, 55 received SMS prompts, and 36 received usual
care. Screening rates were highest in the self-sample group (53%). 78% of self-sample participants recommended
the Evalyn brush. Only about 52% of SMS recipients found the messages useful, and just 31% were open to receiving
more educational messages. Community health workers were instrumental in the implementation of self-sample
collection.
Conclusions Community-based strategies leveraging existing resources and incorporating education and self-
sampling demonstrate feasibility and potential acceptability, particularly in culturally rooted areas with geographical
access barriers. Careful design of messaging strategies for behavior change remains crucial.
Trial registration The trial was approved for registration with the Pan African Clinical TrialRegistry on 21/09/2023
(Clinical Trial No. PACTR202309878831811). https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=25484.