Kenyatta University Repository
Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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The Moderating Effect of Size of the Bank on the Relationship Between Environmental, Social,and Governance (ESG)Practices and the Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Africa
(EdinBurg Peer-ReviewedJournals and Books Publishers, 2025-12) Njuguna, Isaac Muchiri; Mwangi, Lucy Wamugo; Waweru, Fredrick Warui
This study investigatedthe moderating effect of bank size on the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices and the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Africa. Panel data were collected for fifteen banks across South Africa, Egypt, and Morocco over ten years(2013–2022), with ESG pillar scores sourced from the London Stock Exchange Group database and financial performance proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). Using fixedeffectsregression with lagged ESG variables, bank size (log of total assets) was tested as a moderator, while a Covid-19 dummy captured 2020–2021 shocks.Results from the baseline moderation model show that Environmental Score (β = 0.0001823, p = 0.005) and Governance Score (β = 0.0001298, p < 0.001) had significant positive effects on ROA, while Social Score (β = 0.0000074, p = 0.629), bank size (β = 0.0003479, p = 0.216), and Covid-19 (β = –0.000534, p = 0.995) were insignificant. The model explained 56.1% of the variation in profitability (R² overall = 0.5608, F(5,130) = 15.41, Prob > F = 0.000). In the extended interaction model, environmental (β = 0.000202, p = 0.004) and governance (β = 0.000226, p < 0.001) effects remained significant, while social turned negative and insignificant (β = –0.000062, p = 0.131). Crucially, the governance × size interaction was significant and negative (β = –0.0000048, p = 0.003), suggesting that the profitability benefits of governance weaken in larger banks. Interactions involving environmental (β = –0.000003, p = 0.246) and social(β = 0.00000615, p = 0.079) were statistically insignificant. The interaction model explained 59.6% of profitability variation (R² overall = 0.5957, F (8,127) = 11.75, Prob > F = 0.000).The findings demonstrate that while environmental and governance practices consistently enhance financial performance, their effects are not uniform across bank sizes. Specifically, larger banks face diminishing governance-related gains, highlighting the importance of streamlining governance structures in large institutions and strengthening ESG disclosure standards across African markets.
Multi-Agency Coordination and Security Management at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2025-12) Hayagan, Collins Kemboi Kipngetich; Ndunda, Chris Zakayo
The purpose of this study was to investigate how selected determinants of multi-agency coordination shape security management operations at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) in Kenya. The investigation focused on four variables organizational culture, trust, leadership, and role clarity and employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that combined survey data with qualitative insights from key informant interviews. A total of 345 personnel drawn from seven state and airport security agencies were sampled, while senior officers participated in purposively selected interviews. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides, and the reliability of quantitative tools was confirmed through Cronbach’s Alpha values above the 0.70 threshold. Regression analysis indicated that the four determinants jointly accounted for 50.5 percent of variations in security management performance, with role clarity emerging as the strongest predictor. Leadership and organizational culture were also significant positive contributors, whereas trust showed a negative and statistically insignificant relationship. Qualitative narratives pointed to persistent challenges including inter-agency competition, unclear mandates, and strained hierarchical relations but also highlighted practices that enhance collaboration, such as standardized procedures and joint training sessions. The study concludes that strengthening shared cultural practices, improving leadership structures, and clarifying inter-agency responsibilities are essential for robust airport security. Policy recommendations include rotational leadership frameworks, inter-agency training exchanges, scenario-based drills, and continuous review of operational procedures to reinforce coordination. The study offers empirical insights relevant to improving collaborative security models in African aviation hubs.
Information Communication Technology Resources as Service Delivery Enabler in the Ministry of Health, Kakamega County, Kenya
(Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2025-10-11) Ndung’u, George Ikonya; Njoroge, Jane Gakenia
The study investigated Information Communication Technology resources as service delivery enabler in the
ministry of health, Kakamega County, Kenya. To achieve the objectives, the study used a combination of
explanatory design and descriptive survey research design, specifically multiple regression model. The target
population consisted of 406 respondents and the sample size was 121 respondents from the three categories of
ministry of health employees in Kakamega County, Kenya. The research adopted a simple random sampling
method guided by past surveys of general knowledge of public opinion using a 30% confidence level
propagated by John Orodho. Reliability of the instrument was tested using Anova model regression coefficient
of 0.05 which was considered acceptable; hence the instrument was reliable. Data was analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data while inferential
statistics, specifically multiple regression model was used to test hypotheses. The analysis used Statistical
Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excels computer applications to aid data analysis. The
results were presented using tables. The findings indicated that Information Technology Resources were
found not to be statistically significant in increasing service delivery in public health institutions. The study
recommended that human resource is a key player in influencing service delivery in public sector therefore,
county government and national government should introduce ICT training to improve human resource skills
and not leave ICT as a standalone enabler. The study concluded that ICT cannot work on its own to achieve
higher levels of service delivery in the public sector
Reconstructing Indigenous Knowledge in Contemporary Curriculum a Qualitative Study in Rural Kenya
(GRAS, 2025-01) Otieno, Amina; Mwangi, James
This qualitative study explores the integration of indigenous knowledge systems into contemporary educational curricula in rural Kenya. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 24 participants including educators, community elders, and curriculum developers, the research examines how traditional knowledge can be meaningfully reconstructed within modern pedagogical frameworks. The findings reveal three critical dimensions: the tension between Western epistemologies and indigenous ways of knowing, the role of community stakeholders in curriculum development, and the challenges of documenting oral traditions within formal education structures. Data analysis identified significant barriers including inadequate teacher training, limited instructional materials, and institutional resistance to epistemological plurality. However, the study also uncovered innovative practices where educators successfully bridged indigenous and contemporary knowledge systems. The research contributes to ongoing debates about decolonizing education in postcolonial contexts and offers practical recommendations for culturally responsive curriculum design.
Instructional Strategies Applied by Mathematics Teachers and Their Influence on Performance in Probability in Secondary Schools, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal of Education Practice, 2023-06-10) Mutua, John Maundu; Miheso_O’connor, Marguerite; Ondigi, Samson
This study sought to evaluate the instructional strategies applied by Mathematics teachers in teaching
Probability in secondary schools in Nairobi City County. The study was guided by the four (4) objectives; to
identify the types of instructional strategies used by Mathematics teachers in teaching Probability; to investigate
the extent to which instructional strategies used by Mathematics teachers enhance learners’ performance in
Probability; to assess learners’ performance in Probability by gender; and to investigate the considerations
that teachers make when selecting instructional strategies for teaching Probability. The study adopted the
descriptive survey research design. Purposive and simple random sampling was employed to select the sample.
The sample size was 140 Form three students. Key informants were 14 Mathematics teachers and seven heads
of departments. The study instruments were: questionnaires, unstructured interviews for teachers, Observation
checklist and a Probability achievement test for students. A pilot study was done in a school with similar
characteristics as those in the sample. The results from the pilot study were used to determine the validity and
reliability of the data collection instruments. The data from the pilot study was coded and entered into the
computer and reliability results with the help of the SPSS produced a coefficient of α =0.7767. The data
collection was in two phases. In the first phase the researcher distributed questionnaires to the teachers. In the
second phase the researcher observed the teachers in the classroom teaching Probability, conducted an
interview with the Heads of Mathematics Departments and administered a test on Probability to learners. Data
from the actual study was analyzed by use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative data
collected was analyzed and presented in percentages, pie charts, and frequency distribution tables. The study
findings indicated that Mathematics teachers use different instructional strategies while teaching Probability.
The performance outcome from the test on Probability showed that different instructional strategies used by the
teachers influence the students’ performance in the Probability. The study concluded that teachers’
instructional strategies determine learners’ performance in Probability. The findings of the study indicated that
Mathematics teachers have to choose their instructional strategies carefully while preparing to teach the
Probability in order to enhance performance. The results of this study would be useful to Mathematics teachers,
leaders in education, and curriculum developers