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Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Monitoring and Evaluation Strategies and Performance of Dairy Cooperative Society’s Projects in Nakuru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Maswili, Cynthia Mwende
In Kenya, Vision 2030 recognizes the importance of the agricultural sector as being among the core areas that will boost the economy to the next level. To increase the dairy farmers’ market access, dairy cooperative societies were formed by farmers. However, the project performance of the cooperative societies has been wanting. For instance, there have been low profitability levels, a decrease in the quantity and quality of dairy feeds, poor provision of service delivery and poor market infrastructure. These persistent performance challenges despite existing cooperative structures and external support underscore the need to evaluate the role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) strategies in improving outcomes. In general, the research project sought to unravel the effect of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) strategies on performance of dairy co-operative societies in Nakuru County, Kenya. Specifically, the study mainly sought to examine the effect of M&E; capacity development, management involvement, stakeholder participation, and planning on project performance of dairy co-operative societies in Nakuru County. Change theory, result-based management theory, and program theory were used as the foundation of the study. The descriptive and explanatory research techniques were adopted, and then census was used to pick all the 17 dairy cooperative societies’ projects which formed a study’s target population. A total of 119 respondents represented a sample size who were obtained by employing simple sampling procedure. The selected respondents included 1 project manager and 6 team members per project. The study relied on primary and secondary data. Comprehensive literature review was conducted to ascertain the research instrument validity as well as engaging and consulting M&E strategist subject experts. Reliability was determined through pilot testing which indicated 0.728 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value and this was ideal. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were both used to analyze the data and depicted by use of figures, tables, and pie charts. The results showed that there is a substantial link that exist between capacity development and performance (P<0.05), management involvement has an insignificant relationship with the performance (P>0.05), stakeholder participation had a strong significant relationship with performance (P<0.05), and M&E planning had an insignificant relationship with performance (P>0.05). The research findings indicated that stakeholder capacity development had the strongest relationship with the performance of the Dairy cooperative project, while M&E planning had the weakest relationship. This led to the conclusion that monitoring and evaluation strategies significantly affected the dairy co-operative societies’ performance in Nakuru County. The research advocated that the management of the Dairy Cooperative Society's project should certify that M&E strategies are in place and adhered to. They should also focus on capacity development, involve management, encourage stakeholder participation, and emphasize planning to improve performance through accountability and evidence-based decision-making processes. This study is beneficial to dairy cooperative managers, stakeholders, scholars, and academicians.
Health System Leadership and Service Delivery during Emergency Condition in North-East Uganda Districts.
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Njuguna, Kuria Charles
Health system leadership serves a vital role in assuring the continuity of health service and saving the lives of people during public health emergencies. Public health emergency is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that requires a leader who accurately diagnose the occurring situations and adapt leadership according to the demand. Thus, this study aimed at assessing health system leadership status and health service delivery during drought and food insecurity emergency in Northeast Ugandan districts. Specific goals were to; determine the integration of self-correction and reflection activities of health system leadership to deliver health service during the emergency response; determine the compassion of health system leadership to deliver health service during the emergency response; determine partner coordination in drought and food insecurity emergency response and determine partner participation in drought and food insecurity emergency response. The research was anchored on the adaptive leadership framework. This study employed a mixed method to comprehend the health system leadership and service delivery during drought and food insecurity emergency in north-east Uganda. The target population in this study were health facility in-charges, district health officers, and residential district commissioners. The sampling design was simple random method for quantitative survey and purposive method for qualitative interview. The sample size of the study was 150 of health facilities in charges from 50% of the health facilities in the affected region from randomly selected 15 districts impacted by drought and food insecurity emergency. All 15 district health officers and 15 residential district commissioners from the randomly selected districts were included. Structured and semi-structured survey, and observation checklist were utilized to collect data. Quantitative data were processed with ODK and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that adaptive leadership was effective in sustaining health service delivery during emergencies. Leaders demonstrated self-reflection and self-correction by adjusting strategies to address contextual challenges, while compassionate leadership was evident in supportive supervision and community engagement. Key strategies included strong involvement of Village Health Teams (VHTs), timely distribution of medical and nutritional supplies, mobilization of resources through coordinated partnerships, intersectoral collaboration, and strategic deployment of human resources. Incident Management Teams (IMTs) emerged as vital structures for organizing leadership roles and coordinating response efforts. Despite these successes, five thematic challenges were identified: workforce shortages and burnout, service delivery gaps including supply chain disruptions, patient-level barriers such as mobility limitations and cultural factors, environmental constraints including drought and poor road networks, and governance-related obstacles such as coordination gaps. In conclusion, adaptive leadership proved essential in maintaining health services during drought and food insecurity emergencies. Strengthening partner coordination, enhancing communication, investing in local capacity building, and ensuring continuous supervision are recommended to improve resilience. Integrated interventions that address systemic challenges are vital for building robust health systems capable of responding effectively to future emergencies
Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Growth in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ronoh, James Kibet
Kenya's strong economic performance among low- and middle-income countries highlights its growth potential, yet economic fluctuations expose structural vulnerabilities that must be addressed for sustained growth. This research examined the effect of foreign capital inflows—portfolio debt (bonds), portfolio equity, foreign direct investment (FDI), diaspora remittances, and foreign aid—on Kenya's economic development. By analyzing these financial contributions, the research sought to give a detailed comprehension of their role in shaping the country's economic trajectory. The research is grounded in three key economic models: the Solow-Swan Growth Model, which stresses capital accumulation and technological progress; Endogenous Growth Theory, which highlights innovation, human capital, and policy as drivers of expansion; and Dependency Theory, which critiques financial dependence and structural imbalances between developed and developing nations. These frameworks will guide the analysis of foreign capital inflows. Using an explanatory cross-sectional research design, the research relied on secondary data from the CBK, KNBS, KIPPRA, and the Ministry of Finance. The 2013–2023 data set enabled an analysis of long-term trends in capital flows and economic performance. Quantitative methods was employed, utilizing SPSS version 28.0 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics summarized key trends, while multiple linear regression assessed the connection between foreign capital inflows and economic growth. Diagnostic tests ensured data reliability, including normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. Ethical considerations, including responsible data use and proper source recognition, was strictly observed. The research found that foreign portfolio equity, foreign direct investment and remittances when analyzed individually, each had a statistically significant bearing on the economic growth in Kenya with p-values of 0.001, 0.004 and 0.000 respectively. As a result, these hypotheses were rejected at 5% significance level. Foreign portfolio debt and foreign aid each had a statistically insignificant bearing on the economic growth in Kenya with p-values of 0.202 and 0.334 respectively. As a result, these hypotheses were not rejected at 5% significance level. The report recommended that Kenya government should seek to improve the investments climate and business environment in the country to attract mode FDI which can be able to have a significant role on economic growth. Having policies that encourage FDI and marketing the country as a desirable investment destination would be a good starting point. Equally, it recommends that the government should devised a foreign policy that places great importance on the diaspora. Additionally, this article advocates for the Kenyan government to implement a holistic strategy to promote foreign investment, acknowledging its crucial role in stimulating economic growth and development. In addition, this research recommends that the Kenyan government should use an integrated approach to encourage foreign portfolio equity, as it is important in spurring economic growth and development. The government must also implement a number of strategic programs to streamline and stream the investment process. furthermore, the study suggests that the government must come up with a foreign policy that puts a lot of emphasis upon the diaspora. This is inherent component of the policy that aims at tapping the diverse skills, wisdom, expertise, and resources of Kenyans living abroad that they can easily be incorporated in development agenda of the country.
Strategic Change Management and Organizational Performance of Microfinance Banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Njenga, Dennis Kimani
Microfinance banks complement commercial banks by serving a substantial part of the Kenyan population that was previously unbanked. The Central Bank of Kenya reported that the overall performance of licensed Microfinance banks has been on a downward trend in recent years, this is reflected by the net loss, fall in customer deposits, loan write-offs and losing potential clients to digital lenders. This research study set out to examine the influence of strategic change management on the organizational performance of Microfinance banks in Kenya. Precisely, the study aimed to examine the impact of organizational structure, organizational culture and leadership on the organizational performance of Microfinance banks. Lewin’s theory of change provided the primary anchor for this study, supplemented by dynamic capabilities theory, contingency theory and balanced scorecard model. A descriptive research design was utilized whereby, a target population of 201 managers from the 14 Microfinance banks licensed by CBK were selected. To ensure that both the Microfinance banks and their managers were proportionally represented, the study employed stratified random sampling method. Data collection relied on Likert-scale questionnaires, which were administered to a sample of 134 participants. To evaluate the research instrument, a pilot study was conducted in which validity was examined through expert review and reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. The analysis was carried out in SPSS, where both descriptive and inferential tests were conducted. To explore the relationships among the variables, correlation alongside linear regression were applied. Results were summarized using tables and charts, each followed by an explanation. Overall, the study indicates that organizational structure, organizational culture and leadership positively and significantly contribute to the performance of Microfinance banks in Kenya. The findings underscore that streamlined structures, strong cultural values and effective leadership are vital for creating resilient organizations that can adjust to shifting market conditions. The study recommends that management communicate a clear and compelling vision and reinforce it through consistent engagement with employees at all levels. It also emphasizes the importance of fostering interdepartmental collaboration, as this builds confidence and trust between departments. The study provides significant value to managers of Microfinance banks in Kenya, as the insights generated can guide decision-making and ultimately benefit a wide range of stakeholders and by implementing the strategies highlighted, managers will also be better positioned to meet regulatory requirements while enhancing organizational performance.
Organizational Culture Practices and Inmates’ Behaviour Change in Correctional Facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mogaka, Cynthia Bonareri
Correctional institutions in Kenya face persistent challenges in achieving sustainable inmate rehabilitation, particularly within urban counties such as Nairobi City County. Organizational cultural inconsistencies, lack of innovation, rigid hierarchical structures, and weak interdepartmental collaboration hinder effective behavior change among inmates. These institutional challenges limit the effect of rehabilitation programs and contribute to high recidivism rates. This study sought to examine the effect of organizational culture practices on inmate behaviour change in correctional facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The primary aim was to assess how adaptive culture, teamwork culture, hierarchical culture, and adhocracy culture influence inmate rehabilitation outcomes. The study was guided by the Competing Values Framework and Social Learning Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting correctional officers in five major facilities within Nairobi City County. The target population comprised 1,060 prison officers from three major correctional facilities in Nairobi County: Kamiti Maximum Security Prison (585 officers), Lang’ata women’s maximum security prison (396 officers), and Nairobi remand and allocation maximum security prison (79 officers). Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 291 respondents. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Version 26, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant positive relationships between all four organizational culture dimensions and inmate behaviour change. Multiple regression results showed that the four culture variables collectively explained 62.7% of the variance in behaviour change. Teamwork culture and adaptive culture were the strongest predictors, while hierarchical culture had the weakest yet significant influence. The findings highlight that collaborative, flexible, and innovative cultural environments significantly enhance rehabilitation outcomes. However, the study also identified challenges, including limited institutional support for innovation, rigid command structures, and weak post-release follow-up mechanisms. The study concludes that internal organizational culture practices strongly influence inmate rehabilitation. It recommends fostering teamwork, adaptive practices, and innovation, alongside reforms to hierarchical systems to enhance staff empowerment and program responsiveness. These insights offer a framework for strengthening rehabilitation strategies in Kenya’s correctional institutions. The study adhered to all ethical requirements, including obtaining NACOSTI authorization, securing informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity, and guaranteeing voluntary participation throughout the data collection process.