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Human Resource Management Practices and Employees Retention in Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Olweny, Odhiambo Fredrick
The main objective of this research was to study the effect of human resource management practices on employee’s retention within Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi County. Specifically, the research purposed to ascertain the influence of leadership style, work environment, and career development opportunities on employee retention. Additionally, the study sought to assess the role of job embeddedness as a mediator in the relationship between human resource management practices and the ability of Non- Governmental Organizations to retain employees. A good number of employees in Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi express a lack of intention to remain in their current work environments. In 2020, more than 30% of Non-Governmental Organizations employees in Nairobi expressed a desire to voluntary leave their employment. A rate that rose to 34% in 2021 according to reports. This observation was predominantly attributed to poor working environments, unfriendly organizational cultures, poor staffing practices, lack of motivating renumeration packages and operational methods. The theoretical foundations underpinning this study is drawn from one model and three theories, namely, the Mixed Model of employees Retention, Trait Theory, Hierarchy of Needs Theory, and Job Embeddedness Theory. They provided insight to understand employee’s retention. The study assumed an explanatory research design, targeting 201 Non-Governmental Organizations operating within Nairobi County. The research sample comprised of 69 Non-Governmental Organizations selected through stratified random sampling technique. This enabled the sample to be representative and accurate, ensuring that the distinct subgroups from the population were adequately and proportionally included. Fishers’ formula was used to get the 69 organizations. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized, with pilot testing conducted on 7 Non-Governmental Organization employees who were subsequently excluded from the final study. Questionnaire validity was ensured through expert judgment and reliability was ensured through Cronbach's alpha testing with a threshold of 0.7. Data analysis involved coding and entry into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22, followed by descriptive statistics analysis to characterize the data, and logistic regression to assess variability associations of the variables under the research. The research established that leadership style, work environment and career development opportunities affected employee’s decision to stay or leave the organization. In addition, job embeddedness was observed to mediate the affiliation amongst human resource management practices and retention in Non-Governmental Organisations. Further, the study showed that job satisfaction moderates the connection amongst human resource management practices and retention of workers. The study determined that factors such as employee commitment, motivation, and work-life balance are key contributors to retention. However, many employees in Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi do not have adequate access to coaching and mentorship programmes, which could support their professional growth. It is recommended that managers adopt appropriate leadership styles, that integrate supportive work environments with career development opportunities to enhance employee retention
Identifying the Availability of Information Communication Technology in the Special Primary Schools for Learners with Visual Impairment in Kenya
(European Journal of Special Education Research, 2026-01) Keitany, Julia Jelagat
Information Communication and Technology has become the most suitable tool for learners with special needs, for it meets their different learning demands. Access to this tool by these learners is hence vital. This study aimed to identify the availability of information and communication technology in the special primary schools for learners with visual impairment in Kenya. The study was guided by Bruner’s constructivist theory and was also supported by the social model of disability and the philosophy of universal design for learning. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and used both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. It targeted the seven special primary schools for the visually challenged in the country. The purposive sampling method was used to select the schools, head teachers, teachers and Ministry of Education officials. The stratified random sampling method was used to sample the learners. The sample size consisted of 3 MoE officials, 3 headteachers, 3 computer teachers, 18 class teachers and 168 learners with visual challenges. The students were selected randomly. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for the teachers and for the learners, a classroom observation schedule, and interview schedules for head teachers and officials from the Ministry of Education. Inventory document analysis was used to collect the data. Validity and reliability of the instruments were tested through piloting in one school, which was not included in the main study. The questionnaires were tested and accepted at r=0.785. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages, means, ratios and inferential statistics. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the schools had a variety of modern ICT resources, which could be helpful in accessing quality education for the learners. For instance, iPods and iPads, these devices could provide all the functionality, including WiFi, MN chat, and document processing. There was also Braille embosser technology, which enhanced the production of Braille in terms of the number of copies. The study concluded that the special primary schools have a variety of modern ICT resources, which could be helpful in accessing quality education for the learners, but the resources do not adequately meet the demands of the learners because they are inadequate. The ICT resources were accessed by a small number of learners with VI. The study recommended that special schools for learners with VI should be equipped with relevant, adequate and functioning ICT resources and other assistive technologies to enable the learners with visual impairments to benefit from the growing technology-based knowledge.
Relationship Between Women’s Socio-Economic, Cultural Factors and Access to Maternal Health Care in Kitui County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) King’oo, Raymond Keli
The aim of this research was to examine the relationship existing between women’s socio-economic, cultural factors and maternal health care access in Kitui County, Kenya. The following research objectives guided the study: first, to establish the relationship between maternal age and maternal health care access in Kitui County, Kenya; second, to examine the relationship between women’s education level and maternal health care access in Kitui County, Kenya; third, to determine how distance covered by women seeking maternal health care influences their access to maternal services in Kitui County, Kenya; fourth, to assess the relationship between the cost incurred when seeking maternal health care services and access to maternal health care in Kitui County, Kenya; finally, the research sought to establish if there exists a relationship between access to maternal health care and socio-cultural factors in Kitui County, Kenya. The Pathway Theory as advanced by Kroeger (1983) guided this study. The research utilized a cross sectional research design. To obtain the sample required for the research, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used. The study’s respondents comprised of five clinical health officers (CHOs) who were selected from the health facilities in the study area and 150 randomly selected mothers aged between 18 to 45 years who were seeking maternal health care at the time of the research. Interview schedules and questionnaires were used for data collection. Data obtained from the field research was coded and analysed. For qualitative data, content analysis was used whereas inferential and descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data whereby Social Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was utilized. The findings revealed that women’s age (χ2=212.18, p-value=0.0001, df=6), level of education (χ2=180.67, p-value=0.0001, df=6), distance to health facilities (χ2=248.53, p-value=0.0001, df=6), socio-cultural factors (χ2=127.42, p-value=0.0001, df=2) and the cost of seeking maternal health care services significantly impacted maternal health care access. The Ministry of Health (MOH) working closely with the Ministry of Education (MoE) should intensify advocacy in schools and communities with the aim of sensitizing the population on dangers of not seeking maternal health care as well as retrogressive cultural practices and beliefs that inhibit women when they seek maternal health care. Moreover, the national government and county governments ought to put in place more health facilities in the sub-counties. This would significantly reduce the distance covered by mothers as they seek maternal health care. Equally, the Kenyan government ought to increase access to the Social Health Authority (SHA) and provide special maternal health care services in order to lower costs that inhibit women from accessing maternal health care. It is the hope of the researcher that the results of this research would serve as a wake-up call to both the county and national government so as to put in place measures that can scale up maternal health care access across the country
Efficacy Of Public-Private Partnership Procurement Framework On The Implementation Of Energy Infrastructure Projects In Kenya
(International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 2025-03) Barasa,Fernandes Odinga; Minja, David; Muthinja,Moses
The study examined the efficacy of public-private partnership procurement framework on the
implementation of energy infrastructure projects in Kenya. The study was motivated by the fact that while
public-private partnerships have gained popularity in the recent past, there has been limited empirical research
on their performance, particularly in terms of their impact on project implementation in terms of time, cost,
and project outcomes in developing economies. The study’s target population of the study were the key
personnel / staff of the electricity projects implementing corporations under the ministry of energy, Energy
and Petroleum Regulatory Authority, Ministry of Energy, the National Treasury, 7 tier 1 commercial banks
and 6 development partners. A census approach was adopted. The study found procurement framework has
adverse effect on project implementation time, cost and outcome. This suggests that the PPP procurement
process in Kenya is lengthy and requires streamlining to expedite project execution.
Strategic Change Management Practices and Performance of Safaricom Public Limited Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration (IAJHRBA), 2026-03) Okoth, Atieno Pauline; Kamau, Sarah Achsah W.
Safaricom Public Limited, Kenya, is a leading telecommunications company that has long been hailed as a success story due to its innovative products, market dominance, and robust financial performance. However, in recent years, the company has faced significant challenges in sustaining high levels of financial performance, customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and employee engagement, which are key measures of organizational performance. Despite its position as a market leader, Safaricom has been grappling with various issues that threaten its ability to maintain this performance. The study investigated how strategic change management practices affect the performance of Safaricom Public Limited, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of communication plan, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and strategic leadership on effects of the performance of Safaricom Public Limited, Kenya. The study was guided by the following theories: the Balanced Scorecard model, change theory, stakeholders' theory, and Dynamic Capability Theory. A descriptive research design was applied. The target population consisted of 72 senior managers from Kenya's Safaricom Plc. Safaricom Limited's 83 managers were chosen via stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were utilized throughout the study to collect the main data. The piloting phase involved 10% of the study population, and it was utilized to assess the research tool's validity and reliability. The research looked at both content and constructs validity. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to assess the instrument's dependability. In order to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, the surveys contained both closedended and open-ended questions. Content analysis was employed to examine the qualitative data. Both descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentages, and frequencies) and inferential statistics were used in the quantitative data analysis method. To show how the variables relate to one another, inferential statistics like regression and correlation analysis were employed. The findings of the study were calculated and analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences, version 22. The results were presented using tables and charts. Results showed that the communication plan had a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Safaricom Plc, Kenya (β=0.183, p=0.044). Results also showed that Stakeholders' engagement had a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Safaricom Plc, Kenya (β=0.282, p=0.011). Further results also showed that capacity development had a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Safaricom Plc, Kenya (β=0.252, p=0.028). In addition, results also showed that strategic leadership had a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Safaricom Plc, Kenya (β=0.240, p=0.026). The study concluded that a standardized communication plan provides a consistent framework for interactions, ensuring that information is clear, unambiguous, and delivered effectively to all relevant parties, which is crucial for achieving organizational goals. The study also concluded that increased stakeholder involvement, particularly in decision-making and communication, contributes positively to the firm's competitiveness. In addition, Strong leadership, combined with flexible organizational structures and effective systems, is critical for successful strategy implementation and execution. To improve performance at Safaricom, use diverse communication channels like formal feedback mechanisms (surveys, performance appraisals), digital platforms (internal portals, email), and informal methods (one-on-one meetings, crossfunctional teams). Policy makers should create a regulatory framework that actively encourages and supports innovation and investment in the telecommunications sector, allowing companies like Safaricom to thrive.