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Barriers to Play-Based Learning among Pre-Primary School Pupils in the Kangemi Informal Settlement of Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017-07) Bowler, Sheela Anne
Abstract
Relationship between National Police Service Reforms and Crime Rate in Kasarani Police Division, Nairobi County, Kenya, between 2002-2015
(Kenyatta University, 2017-07) Murithi, Eric N.
The main focus of this study was to find out whether the reform process being undertaken currently has any significant relationship with crime management. Specific research objectives were; to establish the kind of police reforms that the government has been implementing to reduce crime rates, to determine the level of interaction between law enforcement officers and community partners, to find out the levels of crime before and during the implementation of police reforms, and to establish the effect of police welfare on crime levels, all within the period between 2002-2015. The study was guided by Kurt Lewin's theory of change in analyzing theoretical background and discussing the findings, with a target population of 213,602 persons from Kasarani police division, inclusive of 10 key informants drawn from main stakeholders. Stratified random sampling was used to draw 100 respondents. The study applied descriptive research design, whereby primary data was collected using interview schedules and questionnaires, while secondary data collected by use of content analysis of literature. Quantitative data was coded and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, while thematic analysis was used on qualitative data. Findings indicate that reforms have taken shape and their effects arc felt. From 89% response rate, 58% appreciate positive impact of reforms in terms of partnership and sharing of information, with interaction level of 68%. Crime levels as appreciated by the respondents stood positively at 65% on ‘average’ and ‘below’, although there was mixed...
Effect of Comprehensive HIV Prevention Information Package on Number of Concurrent Sexual Partners Among Youth in Kenya
(Science Publishing Group, 2025-07) Khasewa,Joab; Mwanzo, Isaac; Orago, Alloys
HIV remains the most significant public health and development challenge in the world. In sub-Saharan African countries, young people aged 15-24 years are bearing the biggest brunt. The United Nations framework for addressing the epidemic among young people who bear the high burden of HIV globally calls for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. Despite the availability of widening array of HIV prevention tools and methods, new infections among youth in Kenya only reduced by 59% between 2015 and 2019. The percentage of young men aged 15-24 years who had two or more sexual partners who reported using condoms during the last sexual intercourse was higher at 63.5% compared to young women of the same age group at 35.5%. Various HIV prevention interventions have been implemented among the Young People with little assessment of their effectiveness in reducing new HIV infections. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of comprehensive HIV prevention information package on number of concurrent sexual partners among young people aged 15-24 years in Kakamega and Kericho counties, Kenya. To achieve this, a non-randomised control trial was conducted using a structured questionnaire. It involved purposively selecting Kakamega as intervention and Kericho as Comparison County. Consenting young people residing in these counties were the study subjects. The pretest questionnaire was administered in both intervention and control counties in November - December, 2021. The posttest questionnaire was administered in both counties after nine months of providing HIV prevention information package in the intervention county. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square, t-test). The number of youths who had two or more sexual partners reduced at endline to 17.6% from 23.7% in intervention county. Similar reduction was also noted in comparison County, where the number reduced to 36.6% at endline from 61.1% but was not significant (t = 2.197, df=2, P = 0.159). There was significant number of male youth in intervention county who had two or more concurrent sexual partners at 13.7% compared to female at 6.4%(P=0.003). Concurrent partnership by gender among youth in comparison county was higher among men at 32.4% compared to female at 11.4% but was not significant (0.091). The findings from the study will inform national rollout of the HIV prevention information package to contribute to safer sexual behaviors among young people.
Educational Barriers to Enrolment of Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Special Schools in Thika Town, Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017) Nguku T. Dinah
The purpose of the study was to establish educational barriers to enrolment of learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in special schools in Thika Town, Kiambu County of Kenya. The study used quantitative approach adopting a descriptive survey design to collect data from 36 respondents selected through simple random sampling from 6 special schools realized by purposive sampling. Data was collected using two sets of questionnaires for teachers and head teachers as the research instruments through a drop‑and‑pick‑later technique to allow for the respondents to answer the queries in the research tools.
Data was analysed quantitatively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and descriptive statistics employed on various constructs. The analysed data was presented in form of charts, tables and graphs for clarity. The study made the following findings: most children and teachers faced certain barriers when learning and teaching respectively; most used tool in identifying children with ASDs was observation; most teachers had diploma as the highest qualification; lastly, the study found that teaching resources though inadequate were effective in helping learners with ASDs in their work.
The study concluded that new strategies for overcoming barriers to education should be put in place, teachers should register for further training to keep abreast with emerging trends and deal effectively with ASDs learners. As such, the study recommended that the government institute policy frameworks for effective teacher training to equip them with skills and techniques of dealing with ASDs learners. Lastly, the study recommended that teachers should work as partners with learners to maximize their potentials
Determinants of Growth of Women Enterprises in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017) Ndanuko, Geoffrey Kimani
According to the census carried out in year 2009, women constitute more than half of the population of Kenya and make a significant contribution to the economy accounting for about 48% of all micro, small, and medium sized enterprises contributing about 20% to Kenya's Gross Domestic Product. The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are considered as sources of employment generation, economic growth, and social transformation. The crucial role of MSMEs is underscored in Kenya's Vision 2030, the development blueprint which seeks to transform Kenya into an industrialized middle-income country, providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030. The MSMEs sector has been identified and prioritized as a key growth driver for achievement of the development.
This study was aimed at establishing whether financial and credit availability and accessibility, human capital and social structure determine growth of women enterprises in Kiambu County. Significance of the study was to uncover specific issues that women enterprises face, findings are useful to policy makers and also provide basis for further research. Financial capital theory, human capital theory and sociological theory were adopted as the theoretical framework for the study.
Descriptive research design was used in this study where questionnaires were administered to the targeted population of women enterprises from Kiambu County where stratified random sampling was used. To ensure validity of the research instrument to be used in collecting data, the researcher ensured that the questionnaire is thoroughly checked for validity and assesses the relevance of the questions and content of the study. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested through a pilot study in which the questionnaires were pre-tested to a sample group similar to the actual sample.
The information was coded and analysed using descriptive statistics and through use of percentages by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Regression type of statistic model was used to find out relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that access to finance had positive and significant effect on growth of women enterprises. Human capital was found to have a positive significant in explaining the variation of growth of women enterprises and lastly social structure was found to have a significant effect on growth of women enterprises.
The study concludes that access to finance affected the growth of women enterprises. The study also concludes that most women entrepreneurs get the initial capital from personal savings. Also, the study concludes that most of women entrepreneurs have tried getting financial assistance from the lending institutions. The study concludes that access to finance affect women enterprises to a high extent. The study also concludes that collateral requirement affects the growth of women enterprises. On human capital and growth of women enterprises the study concludes that human capital affected the growth of women enterprises. The study also concludes that education level had an impact on the growth of women enterprises. The study also concludes that employees in women enterprises are able to read and write thus influencing the growth of women enterprises. Further the study concludes that most women entrepreneurs are trained in business skills through formal training. Lastly, on social structure and growth of women enterprises, the study concludes that social structure affected the growth of women entrepreneurs. The study also concludes most women entrepreneurs handle household chores. Also, the study concludes that most women manage the enterprises. Further the study concludes that cultural norms affect the growth of women enterprises to a great extent