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Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Policy Implementation and Information Communication Technology Integration in Technical and Vocational Training Institutions in Homabay County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ojala, Florence Akinyi
The world is rapidly adopting Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and as it is now a basic element of high-quality education, ICT must be incorporated into education and training. This study looked into the policy implementation challenges concerning ICT integration in Homa Bay County. Through the governments, countries implement ICT policies aimed at achieving the high standard of education required for global competitiveness, the ICT policy in the education ministry has not been fully implemented in Homa Bay County's training institutions, particularly in the study's focus area of TVETs. This reduces the quality of education and training and subsequently the employability possibilities of the trainees in the aforementioned location by causing learning gaps between them and their peers in other places. Policy implementation was the study’s independent variable, constituting, institutional capacity, stakeholder engagement, ICT resource and infrastructure and monitoring and evaluation and were the study's goals. Integration of ICT in training and education was the study's dependent variable. Three theoretical frameworks—the Top-Down Approach, Street-Level Bureaucracy, and Stakeholder Management theories—shedding light on the hitches and procedures of implementing policies were the foundation of this study in line with the study’s goals. The study used a mixed method approach for a population of 15085 drawn from the aforementioned institutions in Homa Bay County with a sample of 384 respondents employing a multistage sampling technique. Piloting was carried out in Kiambu County constituting 16 respondents. Closed- ended questionnaires and semi structured interviews were utilized to gather data, and SPSS was used to display and analyze the data using descriptive analysis. The study established that although ICT policies exist, implementation remains haphazard due to insufficient institutional capacity, poor stakeholder coordination, inadequate ICT infrastructure, and poor monitoring mechanisms. However, the adoption of ICT was highest at institutions, where leadership was powerful, training was structured and stakeholders were involved. The study then recommends from these results that institutional capacity can be fortified with continuous ICT training, collaborating with the stakeholders positively, investment in accessible infrastructure such as purposed internet connectivity, and laying down effective monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Sustainability requires that the government also strengthens its partnerships with the Non-Governmental Organizations and the private sector. The result further gives useful information to the policymakers, educators, and stakeholders who wish to build a more digitally inclusive and effective learning environment throughout the educational institutions in the region.
Financial Literacy and Growth of Medium Enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Ochola, Gideon Obota
Medium-sized enterprises (MEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth and employment in Kenya and globally. However, many MEs face stagnation and slow growth due to inadequate financial management skills among owners and managers. This study investigated the effect of financial literacy on the growth of medium-sized enterprises in Kisumu County, focusing on investment literacy, working capital management literacy, accounting knowledge, and financial analysis skills. The study was guided by Dual Process Theory, Knowledge Spillover Theory, Financial Literacy and Behaviour Theory, and Greiner’s Stages of Growth Model. A descriptive research design was employed, and structured questionnaires were administered to medium enterprise managers. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation techniques, while ethical standards set by Kenyatta University were observed. The findings indicate that financial literacy significantly influences the growth of medium enterprises. Specifically, working capital management literacy, accounting knowledge, and financial analysis skills demonstrated positive effects on enterprise growth, while investment literacy showed no significant effect. Based on these findings, the study is recommending that managers are prioritizing strengthening working capital management literacy, accounting knowledge, and financial analysis skills. Additionally, policymakers are designing practical digital investment training programs that focus on risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis to support MEs growth. Future research is exploring additional key factors influencing the growth of medium enterprises and investigating why investment literacy is ineffective and exhibits no significant effect. It also recommends the inclusion of comparative studies across different counties and sectors to identify contextual variations affecting enterprise growth in Kenya.
Financial Leverage and Market Capitalisation of Insurance Companies Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Morang’a, Nixon Okari
The insurance industry is crucial to national prosperity, contributing 6% to Kenya's Gross Domestic Product, according to the Kenya Bureau of Statistics. It serves a crucial function in mitigating economic risks. However, listed insurance companies have experienced fluctuating market capitalization over a five-year period, with the highest recorded at 99.3 billion in 2019 and the lowest at 56.9 billion in 2023. Questions regarding the effect of financial leverage on firm valuation remain unresolved, with existing research offering conflicting conclusions. In response, this study aimed to ascertain the effect of financial leverage on market capitalization of insurance firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange, focusing on short-term debts, long-term debts, debt-equity financing, and interest coverage. The research drew upon the pecking order theory, trade-off theory, Modigliani-Miller (MM) theory, and shareholders value theory. The research employed a descriptive survey approach, conducting a census of all registered insurance firms and leveraging secondary data from financial statements available in the Nairobi Securities Exchange Manual and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics from 2019 to 2023. Quantitative data were analyzed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28 through descriptive statistics (mean, percentages, standard deviation, frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (linear regression and Pearson correlation). Diagnostic tests including normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and linearity were conducted to validate the assumptions of regression analysis. Feasible General Least Squares regression results demonstrated that short-term debt (p=0.044, <0.05), long-term debt (p=0.012, <0.05), and debt-equity ratio (p=0.0000, <0.05) had a statistically significant positive impact on market capitalization. Conversely, interest coverage exhibited a statistically significant negative effect (p=0.034, <0.05) on market capitalization. Correlation analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between short-term debt and debt-equity ratio with market capitalization, a strong positive correlation for long-term debt, and a strong negative correlation for interest coverage. The study concluded that increases in short-term debt, long-term debt, and debt-equity ratio tend to enhance market capitalization, whereas higher interest rates typically diminish it. Consequently, the study recommends that companies consider increasing their long-term debt, short-term debt, and debt-equity ratio, while striving to reduce interest rates.
The Role of Teacher Training in the Implementation of Competency-Based Education in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Ngugi, Joseph Mwangi
Competency-Based Education (CBE) implementation continues to face challenges with regard to the role teachers training play. This study focused on the role of teachers training on CBE implementation in Kiambu county, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To investigate the influence teachers mentorship in CBE implementation in Kiambu County, To assess the influence of teachers collaboration with stakeholders in CBE implementation in Kiambu County, to establish the effects of Teachers innovation on CBE implementation in Kiambu county and to examine the effect of teachers assessment practice on CBE implementation in Kiambu county. The study was anchored on Constructivist Learning Theory and Social Learning Theory. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were adopted. The study targeted 320 respondents which included; head teachers, grade 1–6 teachers, Curriculum Support Officers (CSOs), Sub-County Curriculum Officers (SCCOs), and parents of Learners in Grades 1–6. The study had a sample size of 178. In the collection of quantitative and qualitative data, questionnaires and interview guides were used. Pilot study was done in Nairobi County among 18 respondents. Content, face and intent validity were applied. Cronbach Alpha was adopted to test reliability. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. Tables, charts and graphs were used to present the data. The study enhanced informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity in the collection and processing of data. The findings of the study revealed that teacher mentorship, teacher collaboration, teacher innovation and teacher assessment were positively and significantly related to the extent of implementation of CBE in Kiambu county. The study recommended that there is need for better teacher training approaches to improve delivery of CBE. This underscores the importance of structured mentorship to build teacher self-efficacy; engagement with community/stakeholder for resource and community support; innovation, creative pedagogy, use of ICT; and tracking of learners’ progress and competence development. The study suggests that mentoring structures be institutionalized, that parents and other stakeholders be sensitized, that there be investment in ICTs infrastructure and digital literacy, and that there be effective coordination for an inclusive CBE implementation. Training will also have to be sustained, for teachers and other stakeholders, to foster accountability and enhance the effectiveness of CBE delivery.
Project Management Dynamics and the Implementation of Kenya Medical Supplies Authority Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mutegi, Peterson
An assessment of key project performance indicators revealed that the project management function at the Kenya Medical Supplies Authority (KEMSA) has continued to encounter notable challenges, particularly in meeting implementation milestones, maintaining project schedules, and managing operational risks. Limited managerial expertise has contributed to reputational decline, financial strain, and reduced operational effectiveness. In response to these concerns, the present study examined the extent to which project management dynamics influence the implementation of KEMSA projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study specifically focused on the effects of organizational structure, resource allocation, monitoring and evaluation practices, and employee empowerment on project performance. The study was grounded in the Resource-Based View, Institutional Theory, Contingency Theory, and Structural Empowerment Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 86 respondents drawn from a target population of 109 KEMSA employees, health officials, and service providers within Nairobi City County. Questionnaires were utilized as the primary data collection instrument. To ensure instrument validity, a pilot study was conducted on four KEMSA-related projects, representing 5–10 percent of the sample. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, and results were presented using tables, charts, and figures. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the independent variables and project implementation outcomes. The findings demonstrated that effective project implementation was closely associated with a well-defined organizational structure, adequate resource mobilization, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation systems, and employee empowerment. A structured and clearly articulated organizational hierarchy enhanced information flow and facilitated swift and informed decision-making. Adequate financial and material resources enabled timely procurement of critical medical supplies, ensuring that healthcare facilities remained sufficiently stocked to provide uninterrupted services. Monitoring and evaluation practices enabled the institution to identify successful strategies and areas requiring improvement, thereby supporting timely adjustments and responsible allocation of resources. Employee empowerment was also found to improve motivation, job satisfaction, and staff retention, all of which positively influenced project performance. The study recommends that KEMSA clearly define roles and responsibilities within its operational structure to promote accountability and strengthen decision-making processes. The organization should further enhance collaboration with private sector partners to co-finance initiatives, share technical expertise, and optimize resource utilization. Project objectives should be aligned with national health priorities to ensure strategic relevance and improved service delivery outcomes. Additionally, regular capacity-building and skills-enhancement workshops should be institutionalized to strengthen both technical and interpersonal competencies required for successful project execution.