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Implementation of National Tax Policy and Organizational Performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Nyasuna, Lucy Obuya
Organizational performance of Kenya Revenue Authority has been a key challenge evidenced by failure to meet revenue collection targets. The government expects to use the tax revenues collected by KRA to fund budgetary deficits. Failing to meet the set revenue targets by Kenya Revenue Authority has piled a lot of pressure to borrow. Currently, the level of external debt for the government of Kenya is high and if necessary, steps have like enhancing organizational performance of KRA is not undertaken. Successful implementation of a national tax policy can set clear and realistic goals and targets that can go a long way to enhancing organizational performance of government agencies like Kenya Revenue Authority. Thus, the present study sought to establish the effect of implementation of national tax policy on the organizational performance of the KRA. More specifically, the link between resource allocation, coordination of roles and feedback mechanisms on organizational performance of the KRA were explored. The study was guided by RBV, resource dependence theory and the institutional theory. The design for adoption being descriptive survey, 97 employees responsible for implementation of the national tax policy from KRA Headquarters were targeted. Since the population was small, census was adopted. Information was gathered through a close structured questionnaire containing close ended items designed on a 5-point Likert scale. A pilot study was conducted among 10 employees working at KRA being equivalent to 8% of the study sample and they were excluded from the final study and the results were used to determine reliability. Content validity was ensured through supervisor and two industry experts in the field of public policy. Data and gathered information were analyzed using means, standard deviations and regression analysis and presented in form in tabular and figure form. The regression model took the following form: Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+ϵ. Diagnostic tests including multicollinearity, normality and heteroscedacity were performed in advance to validate regression analysis assumptions. The findings were that coordination of roles had the greatest positive and significant effect on organizational performance of KRA followed by resource allocation and lastly feedback mechanisms respectively. The study conclude that successful implementation of a national tax policy is a significant driver of organizational performance. It was recommended that finance managers working at KRA should exercise prudence in the allocation of the available financial resources. Adequate budget should be set aside carrying out the implementation of the national tax policy. The senior managers working at KRA should have a fully operational department that will be responsible for coordinating all matters of implementing the national tax policy. Managers responsible for executing the national tax policy at KRA should provide timely feedback on the progress made in the implementation endeavors.
Strategy Implementation Practices and Performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Mulaku, Lilian Achungo
The Kenya Power and Lighting Company has faced significant challenges impacting its performance, including substantial net losses in recent years. Insufficient funding for large projects hampers strategic initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure and service delivery. Additionally, fluctuating government policies create uncertainty for long-term planning. The Kenya Power and Lighting Company outdated infrastructure leads to inefficiencies and high maintenance costs, while expanding electricity access to rural areas poses logistical challenges and requires significant investment. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of strategy implementation practices on the performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the influence of stakeholder engagement, risk management, resource alignment and cultural integration on the performance. Theories that guided the study variables included; resource based view theory, stakeholder theory and system theory. A descriptive research design was applied. The Kenya Power and Lighting Company formed the unit of analysis. A total of 95 respondents who were employees of the company were sampled. The tool for data collection was a questionnaire. These questionnaires were pretested at Kenya Electricity Generating Company to 9 respondents. Validity of the tool was determined by content validity test. The tool was subjected to Cronbach alpha test for checking its reliability and the study revealed that the items of the questionnaire were reliable since every variable had an alpha value exceeding 0.7. The qualitative data was thematically analysed by subjecting it into themes and the results presented through narration. The analysis of quantitative data was achieved by using mean, percentages and standard deviation. The way in which one variable had a relationship to one another was determined using inferential statistics which were correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study found that stakeholder involvement (β=0.0412, t=2.416, p=0.002), risk management (β=0.0412, t=2.416, p=0.002), resource alignment (β=0.0339, t=2.357, p=0.001) and cultural integration (β=0.0481, t=2.925, p=0.002) significantly improved Kenya Power and Lighting Company's performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study concludes that active participation and collaboration with stakeholders are crucial for the company's success and effectiveness in delivering services. The implementation of risk management strategies lead to better service delivery, increased customer satisfaction, and potentially higher financial returns for the company. Resource alignment supports improved decision-making which leads to more effective project planning and execution, enabling KPLC to meet the increasing energy demands of Nairobi City County. Cultural integration fosters a cohesive work environment where employees from diverse backgrounds collaborate more effectively. The study recommends that the company should implement effective communication strategies to ensure timely and transparent information sharing with stakeholders through newsletters, community meetings, and digital platforms. The company should perform detailed risk assessments to identify operational risks, including financial, environmental, and technological factors. A thorough assessment of current resource allocation is necessary including evaluating existing assets, workforce capabilities, and financial resources to pinpoint inefficiencies or underutilization. Creating an inclusive workplace culture is vital which can be achieved by implementing diversity training programs that educate employees on various cultural backgrounds and promote mutual respect.
Management of Cattle Rustling Through Community-Based Strategies in Turkana and West Pokot Counties, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kipkorir Koech
Cattle rustlings remain a major cause of insecurity and conflict among the pastoralists in Turkana and West Pokot counties. As a result of the fatalities and loss of properties, the Kenyan government has made concerted efforts to control the vice by forced disarmament of communities living in Turkana and West Pokot counties, increased deployment of police reservists, increased patrols by the government, awareness creation and sensitization of the residents. However, these efforts have not succeeded to control the problem within Turkana and West Pokot counties as they have been more reactive than proactive. Therefore, the study sought to analyse the influence of community-based initiatives on the management of cattle rustling in Turkana and West Pokot counties, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to analysed how joint peace committees, joint natural resource management plans, joint disarmament efforts and how grass-root community-driven initiatives have helped in the management of cattle rustling. The study was a descriptive survey in design. The target population were individuals from Turkana and Pokot ethnic group living within Turkana and West Pokot border area who have been affected by cattle rustling. Systematic random sampling, snowballing and purposive sampling were used in selecting respondents. The findings indicated that the joint peace committee agreement variable had a statistically significant positive influence on the management of cattle rustling, evidenced by a regression coefficient of t-value of 8.863, and a p-value of 0.000. Similarly, the joint natural resource management plan agreement demonstrated a significant effect, with a t-value of 4.495, and a p-value of 0.000. The joint disarmament efforts variable showed a robust and statistically significant relationship with cattle rustling management supported by a t-value of 9.089, and a p-value of 0.000. The grass-root community driven initiatives demonstrated a non-significant effect on management of cattle rustling supported by a t-value of 1.306, and a p-value of 0.193. This study concludes that community-Based strategies contribute to management of cattle rustling. The study recommends on the need to strengthen existing community driven initiatives to effectively manage cattle rustling
Technology and Intelligence Led Policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Mangi,Grace Zawadi
Conventionally, intelligence policing has been based on old technologies like patrols and response calls. However, with the advent of new technologies there is a shift in the way intelligence policing is done. In spite of these criminal cases continue to be reported. This study thus aims at evaluating the use of technology in intelligence policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study’s specific objectives were: to evaluate the effect of performance expectancy of using technology in intelligence policing on investigation of crimes in Nairobi City County, To examine the effect of perceived credibility of using technology in intelligence policing on investigation of crime in Nairobi City County, To analyze the effect of effort expectancy on investigation of crime in Nairobi City County and to assess the effect of the facilitating conditions of using technology in intelligence policing on crime investigations. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Ratcliffe Model were relied on in this study. The research design used was descriptive, with the populace being the DCI department in Nairobi City County comprising of 175 staff from 13 sub departments. The sample was 91 respondents drawn from the target population using stratified sampling. Data was sourced using questionnaires. Additionally, questionnaire was tested to ascertain the validity and reliability. Reliability was done based on the Cronbach’s alpha whose threshold is 0.70 and from the results all variables were reliable. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Based on the regression output in performance expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.807 while the p value is .003 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output perceived credibility has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 1.025 while the p value is .000 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output, effort expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.318 while the p value is .043 which indicates significance. Based on the regression output facilitating conditions has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.616 while the p value is .020 which indicates significance. The study concluded that technology has a significant effect on intelligence led policing in Kenya specifically in crime investigations. Specifically, the study concludes that performance expectancy, perceived credibility, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions of technology have significant and positive effect on the intelligence led policing and crime investigation process. Based on the findings, the study recommends that institutions should prioritize Perceived Usefulness: Officers are more likely to adopt a new technology if they can clearly see how, it helps them perform their jobs better, whether by improving efficiency, reducing crime, or enhancing officer safety. Focus on Ease of Use should also be prioritized: Technology must be user-friendly. Complex systems with steep learning curves can lead to resistance and underutilization, negating any potential benefits.
Macroeconomic Variables and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mukabane, Gloria Valerie
Foreign direct investment has emerged as a noteworthy source of capital flow that links the economies of several emerging nations, including Kenya. As a result, it has become a crucial driver of economic progress in these nations. Over time, foreign direct investments in Kenya have changed, notwithstanding their importance to economic progress. When foreign investors decide to invest or infuse capital into various enterprises, macroeconomic considerations play a significant role. Determining whether Kenya's macroeconomic conditions impact Foreign Direct Investment is therefore crucial. The primary objective of the present investigation is to explore the effects of macroeconomic factors on foreign direct investment in Kenya. The research analysed how inflation, the interest rate, the foreign exchange rate, taxation policy, and the rate of gross domestic product growth affect the inflow of foreign direct investment into Kenya. The study is based on the eclectic paradigm, the purchasing power parity theory, the macroeconomic stability theory and neoclassical growth theory. The research was based on a quantitative correlational type of study design, whereby secondary quarterly time-series data collected by the Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of statistics were used. The study period is the year 1990 to 2024. Sample techniques, investigation approach, data collection strategies, and analysis methods were presented. The information collected was thereafter subjected to different diagnostic tests (heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, stationarity, serial correlation, and normality tests), which are relevant for panel data regression to ensure the validity of the results to be obtained. The data was analyzed based on inferential as well as descriptive statistics and multiple regression modeling. All ethical considerations were duly followed. Findings disclosed that the interest rate negatively and significantly affected foreign direct investment. Inflation rate positively and significantly determines foreign direct investment. Exchange rate influence is said to have affected foreign direct investments positively. Taxation policy provided a significantly positive effect on foreign direct investment. GDP growth rate has a significantly positive effect on foreign direct investment in Kenya. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Kenya ought to pursue a policy of keeping interest rates at rates that do not promote macroeconomic instability, but rates that are not so high as to cause a rise in the cost of borrowing funds that could push away any foreign investors. This was to make Kenya an attractive place to investors because it was easier to earn money in the stable and predictable interest rate environment, fostering a steady flow of capital in the form of investments towards economic growth and development. Such should be accompanied by sensible coordination of fiscal and exchange rate policy so as to achieve a generally supportive climate within which investment takes place