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Corporate Governance Practices and Performance of Independent Constitutional Commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-04) Githu, James; Minja, David
The primary duties of constitutional commissions involve safeguarding the people's sovereignty, ensuring that all government entities adhere to democratic values and principles, and fostering constitutional governance. Nevertheless, most of these commissions have fallen short of fulfilling their responsibilities. In the absence of significant independence, constitutional commissions and independent bodies are unable to hold either the legislature or the administration accountable, nor can they facilitate transparent and democratic governance. Viewing these institutions as part of the government hampers their ability to function freely, without fear, favoritism, or bias, which is essential for them to effectively carry out their roles. This challenge arises from the fact that these institutions are designed to act against those in power. Robust corporate governance practices play a significant role in the effective and efficient administration of state-owned enterprises. Since gaining independence, the degree of accountability in the management of these corporations has persistently diminished, even with the presence of numerous oversight mechanisms such as legal regulations, ethical standards, policies, and codes of conduct designed to offer a clear guide for the successful operation of state corporations. The research aimed to explore how corporate governance practices affect the performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The objectives were to examine the effect of accountability practices and assessing the influence of transparency practices, on the performance of these commissions. The research was guided by agency theory, stakeholder theory, stewardship theory, and moral hazard theory. A descriptive research design was utilized for the investigation. A total of 1,426 workers from the fourteen independent commissioners in Nairobi County, Kenya, made up the target population. A sample of 303 personnel, including non-management, lower management, middle management, and top management staff from the commissions, was obtained by applying the Fisher, Liang, and Stoeckel (1983) formula to estimate the sample size. A semi-structured questionnaire with both closed-ended and open-ended questions was utilized to gather data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis; multiple regression analyses were used for inferential statistics, while means and standard deviations were utilized for descriptive statistics. Tables and figures were utilized to display the data analysis results. The findings indicated a strong relationship between the identified predictors accountability practices, transparency practices, board responsibility, and risk management practices and the organizational performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya, as evidenced by an R value of 0.894. Additionally, an R-squared value of 0.799 suggested that 79.9% of the variability in organizational performance could be explained by these four governance practices. In conclusion, the study established that corporate governance practices have a significant impact on the performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya. It was recommended that the government prioritize the strengthening of corporate governance frameworks within these commissions. Given the positive correlation between governance practices and organizational performance, the government should implement clear guidelines regarding accountability, transparency. This may involve the creation of dedicated oversight bodies to ensure regular audits, performance evaluations, and adherence to governance standards across all commissions.
Understanding the Legal Framework in Research Data Management: A Study of Selected Academic Libraries in Kenya
(Regional Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 2024-04) Njagi, Pauline Ruguru; Gitau, Njoroge; Bituka, Ronald
Rationale of Study – The study focused on the legal framework instrumental in
protecting research participants' rights and interests. It also sought to identify
potential legal risks and recommend strategies to mitigate them, promote ethical
conduct, and enhance security for data reuse and sharing.
Methodology – The study used a quantitative research design to gather quantifiable
data. The target population was academic librarians and executive library users from
Kenyatta and Egerton University. A total of 35 participants participated in the
study. Structured open-ended questionnaires were used to obtain responses from
participants purposively selected.
Findings – The study revealed that academic institutions have policies. However, to
maintain a healthy research ecosystem that facilitates accessibility, interdisciplinary
collaboration, knowledge transmission, and data sharing, academic libraries need to
implement research data management policies that match open science standards,
such as promoting reuse in the context of adherence to intellectual property rights
and security of sensitive data.
Implications – The study sheds light on issues and legal concerns addressed or should
be addressed by research data management policies adoption or being prepared for
adoption in academic libraries. Its issues are intellectual property, protection of data
against security breaches, terms and conditions regarding data use, and protection
of sensitive data confidentiality.
Originality – The paper shed light on research data management policy, precisely the
issues which should be included in the policy, as well as legal concerns.
Individualized Consideration’s Effect on Improvement of Performance at the Nyandarua County Assembly in Kenya
(Reviewed Journal International of Business Management, 2025-01) Wanderi, Leah Wanjiru; Njuguna, Videlis Njeri
The county assemblies in Kenya are facing challenges in successfully executing the mandate including legislation, oversight the senior officials and representation of the general public. For Nyandarua county assembly, the infighting, inability to maintain the leadership positions, and suspension of some leaders; this has caused delays in policy and legislature formulation, inability to call for public hearings and participation in representing the views of the residents and delays in submitting reports. These implied decline in performance outcomes, and hence the need to adopt transformational leadership with its dimension of considering the individual employees. This paper focused on individualized consideration and its effect on performance at the Nyandarua county assembly. The paper was informed by transformational leadership theory and balanced scorecard model. Through use of descriptive research design, the study targeted top, middle and low-level management teams who took part in the study by filling the semi-structured questionnaire. There were 73 responses from a possible 81 distributed questionnaire, making a response rate of 90.1%. The findings show that 63.4% change in performance was linked to effect of individualized consideration. Additionally, the relationship between individualized consideration and performance was significant and positive since r = 0.596. The betacoefficient revealed that individualized consideration influenced the performance at the Nyandarua County Assembly, based on β=0.405, t = 1.302, and 0.000 < 0.05.Therefore, concluding that individualized consideration was effective in improving performance at the county assembly of Nyandarua. The paper recommends the assembly follows the contents of chapter six on leadership and integrity when selecting/electing its leaders. The leaders must take care of the needs, aspirations and interests of the subordinates; this will help create a good work environment and uplift performance outcomes.
Acceptability of Positive Deviance Mentorship for Diabetes Management among HIV Clients Living with Diabetes in Eastern Uganda a Cross-Sectional Study
(asiapacificpublishers, 2025-01) Okia, David; Kimiywe, Judith; Olupot- Olupot, Peter; Mwanzo, Isaac
Introduction: The high risk of PLHIV on ART to become diabetes clients and to develop metabolic disorders is well investigated. Regular monitoring and health care is an essential requirement. A majority of HIV clients living with diabetes have poor diabetes knowledge and poor treatment outcomes. Positive deviance mentorship may be a better option for improving diabetes knowledge and treatment outcomes among registered HIV clients living with diabetes. Assessing the acceptability of public health interventions is key to understanding their potential for long-term success and feasibility. Limited literature exists about the acceptability of positive deviant mentorship (PDM) for improving knowledge and treatment outcomes among HIV clients living with diabetes.The findings of this study provide additional important insights for improving future positive deviance HIV and diabetes interventions and enhancing health programs and sustainability.Aim: This study, conducted in October 2024, quantitatively evaluated the acceptability of the positive deviant mentorship for improving knowledge and treatment outcomes among diabetes clients living with HIV (mentees) exposed to PDM for three months (July to September) in Eastern Uganda. Study Design: In October 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mbale and Soroti Regional Referral Hospitals in Eastern Uganda.Materials and Methods: The sample size was twenty-two registered participants exposed to PDM for three months. Purposive sampling was done to select eligible registered exposed participants. Electronic data collection was done using a structured questionnaire by trained research assistants. The twenty-two participants were asked to rate their agreement with various statements regarding the PDM's perceived satisfaction, effectiveness, and cultural suitability. All the research assistants were trained in data quality management. Ethical approval was obtained from Busitema University REC. Stata version 15 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were employed, to summarise the acceptability scores. Results:All the 22(100%) participants participated in the study. The majority (77.3%) were above the age of 50 years, 54.6% were married, and only 13.6% had tertiary education. More than half of the participants, 54.5%, were employed, and a relatively large proportion, 59.1%, lived within a radius of 5 km from the nearest Health facility. The Muslims were only 31.8% and 45.4% of the participants' source of funds when sick was salary or business. A majority of the participants 95.5% were satisfied (very satisfied/satisfied) with positive deviant mentorship(intervention) and 95.4% would recommend the interventions to other HIV clients with low diabetes knowledge and poor glycemic control. A large proportion of the participants 91% perceived the intervention as feasible and effective in achieving its goals. Almost all the participants 95.5% felt the intervention was culturally appropriate for them.Conclusions:The study revealed that Positive deviant mentorship is highly acceptable among the research participants in Soroti and Mbale Hospitals Eastern Uganda. The positive deviant mentorship-prescribed activities were easy to do and were culturally appropriate. This intervention is recommended for HIV clients living with diabetes who have low diabetes knowledge and poor glycemic control in similar contexts.This study's limitations include selection bias, recall bias, a cross-sectional design, and a small sample size. These were mitigated during the data collection, mentorship and analysis process.
Flight Safety Strategy as a Driver of Airline Performance: The Effects of Industry Partnerships on Kenyan Airlines
(International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 2025-04) Otwane, Rasmus Amoni; Waithaka, Paul
The airline industry contributes immensely to the Kenyan economy but performed dismally from 2016 to 2022 as compared to other regional airlines. Circumstances related to flight safety resulted to this dismal performance. The study sought to examine effects of industry partnerships on performance of airlines in Kenya. Specifically, code-share agreements, resource sharing, and joint safety training effect on performance of airlines. Resource Based View, Balanced Score Card and Contingency theories anchored the study while descriptive research design was applied. Target population was 33 airlines and proportionate stratified purposive sampling technique was used with a sample size of 7 airlines. Fifty-seven respondents filled the semi-structured questionnaires for primary data collection while a document review tool assisted to collect secondary data. Pilot study involved 8 respondents from Safari Link Airlines ascertaining the questionnaires appropriateness via content and construct validity while its reliability proven by 0.794 Cronbach’s Alpha test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze data. The results indicated that industry partnerships significantly affected airline performance with strong contribution from code-share agreements, resource sharing, and joint safety training. The study concluded that industry partnerships having significantly linked to positive airline performance through sharing of best practices and resources for efficient flight operations and improved job satisfaction, necessitated airlines to form favourable stakeholder industry partnerships. This study recommends incorporating other sectors of the aviation for findings to be fully representative of Kenya’s aviation sector and for comparison with other countries. It also recommends investigating the influence of industry regulations and political interference as mediating and moderating variables that may be restrictive to management’s autonomy. Finally, the study recommends airlines and industry regulatory bodies to freely avail substantial secondary data to compliment the primary data for eliminating bias and comprehensive analysis of findings.